The causative agent of acute myocarditis

The article is professionally consulted by Master, Doctor Do Nguyen Thuy Doan Trang - Head of Extracorporeal Circulation Team - Cardiovascular Center - Vinmec Central Park International General Hospital. The doctor is a leading expert in Extracorporeal Circulation in cardiac surgery and cardiac resuscitation, Cardiovascular medical treatment.

Myocarditis is an acute or chronic inflammatory disease of the heart, with the potential to cause myocardial necrosis. Acute myocarditis rarely occurs alone, but is often accompanied by endocarditis and pericarditis.

Myocarditis is a form of disease that can affect the heart muscle cells, interstitial spaces and blood vessels in the heart due to many causes such as viruses, bacteria, drugs and toxins..., but is often not found. be the cause. In Europe and North America, viruses are the most common culprit. When entering the body, the virus affects the heart muscle cells, causing damage to the heart muscle cells and reducing the contractility of the heart muscle. This long-term condition will lead to vascular collapse, causing the heart to dilate, the heart muscle to contract very weakly, and the heart enzymes to increase due to the release of damaged heart muscle cells.
Myocarditis can manifest with symptoms ranging from mild shortness of breath, shortness of breath, fever or chills, feeling tired and chest pain to more severe cardiogenic shock and death.
Acute myocarditis is an inflammatory condition of the myocardium in which inflammatory cells are present simultaneously with myocardial necrosis on the same myocardial unit.
The most serious consequence of acute myocarditis causes patients to have dilated cardiomyopathy as well as chronic heart failure. Although acute myocarditis is common in children, dilated cardiomyopathy or heart failure is more common in the elderly.

The main causative agents of myocarditis are viruses and many other infectious factors, listed as follows:
Viruses: Adenovirus, Coxsakie virus, Rubella virus, Poliomyelitis virus, HCV, HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, Echovirus , Parvovirus B19, Human Herpes virus 6, COVID-19.... Bacteria: Brucella, Corynebacterium diphtheria, Gonococcus, Haemophilus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus... Fungi: Aspegillus, Candida, Actinomyces... Parasites: ascaris, Echinococcus granulosus, Paragonimus westermani, schistosoma, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, visceral larva migrans... Toxins: arsenic, carbon monoxide, snake venom Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug: Found in anthracyclines, clozapine, mephedrone, acetazolamide , amitriptyline.... Immune: rejection after heart transplant Myocarditis can be diagnosed based on Echocardiography, ECG, chest X-ray, blood tests, myocardial biopsy...

To treat acute myocarditis in children and adults, it is necessary to have a specific treatment based on the cause of myocarditis. Early diagnosis of fulminant myocarditis helps to quickly resuscitate in the “golden phase” and strict adherence to the treatment regimen plays a very important role, helping to limit dangerous complications of myocarditis. grant . In addition, the patient also needs absolute rest and intensive care by medical staff during the progression of the disease to prevent the patient from entering stage 2 autoimmune response after myocardial damage.