Did you know: How the immune system fights to protect the body

Video content is professionally consulted by Dr., Doctor Nguyen Van Dinh, Head of Allergy - Clinical Immunology Unit, Vinmec Times City International Hospital

The term "Immune System" in English means "immune system" - a system made up of a network of special cells, proteins, tissues and organs. They work together to protect people against the germs and microorganisms present in everyday life. The human immune system attacks pathogens in the human body through a series of steps known as the immune response.
The role of the immune system is very important, it helps to keep people healthy and prevent diseases and infections. When the body's immune system has abnormal problems, it will lead to a number of diseases related to the immune system and resistance.
Without an immune system, the body will be easily attacked by bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The immune system is present throughout the body and involves many types of cells, organs, proteins, and tissues. Importantly, the human immune system is able to distinguish body tissues from foreign tissues. Dead or damaged cells are also recognized and eliminated by the immune system.
Everyone's immunity is different, but as a general rule, the immune system will function better as an adult. It's also why teenagers and adults tend to get sick less often than young children. Once the antibody has been made, a copy of it stays in the body so that if the same antigen reappears, it can kill it more quickly. That's why with some diseases like chickenpox you only get infected once. This is called immunity. There are three types of immunity in humans: innate, adaptive and passive:
The way the immune system fights to defend the body is very tenacious, when the human body is damaged and at risk of bacterial attack, infecting the immune system, first, guard cells or macrophages: They're so large, they protect every part of your body, they can swallow up to 100 bacteria at a time, trapping them in 1 membrane and secretes digestive enzymes (you will see that the wound will swell slightly).
When it has been fighting for too long, the macrophage will call for help by releasing an emergency messenger protein that indicates its location and emergency situation. Neutrophils leave their home in the blood and travel to the battlefield. Neutrophils fight so hard that they kill even healthy cells and create swarm barriers that kill bacteria and then turn themselves into suicide bombers after 5 days to avoid causing too much damage. . This is the reason the wound surface (where the virus / bacteria penetrate) often has white pus (the white pus on the wound surface is a collection of white blood cells that have "dead" after intense fighting. for body protection).
If that's still not enough to stop the infection, the immune center in the brain decides to take action. The dendritic cell is activated, it will respond to the signals received from the warriors and begin to collect items from the enemy. They cut the item into pieces and glue them and their outer layer, and then they move to where there are billions of helper and killer T cells waiting to be activated, the Lymph node. To look for a T helper cell with the right weapon. Once the other half is found, a chain of reactions takes place.
When T helper cells are activated, they quickly multiply many times, a group will become T cells and stay in the lymph nodes, and will help the body to be immune to this pathogen next time if There is an invasion, some of which will travel to the battle area to help and a third group will travel to the center of the lymph node to combine with the B antibody. When the B antibody and the cell are involved T meets his right teammate, the B antibody multiplies rapidly and begins to produce billions of tiny weapons that work so hard that they die from exhaustion very quickly. The role of T cells is to energize their teammates.
The battle between antibodies and bacteria is brutal, especially in the area of ​​​​immune system infections. With the team's efforts, the infection was cleared and millions of cells of the body died. That loss will be quickly compensated, when no more signals are received, the immune cells will kill themselves so there will be no energy source, but there are still a few warriors left called cells. memory cells. If this enemy appears again in the future, they will be ready and destroy them even before you realize.
The human immune system can identify enemies from all sides, so for each person to learn how to strengthen the immune system, this is also an effective and safe way to proactively prevent disease.