Hematuria

Posted by Doctor Tran Hai Ha - Emergency Department - Vinmec Times City International Hospital

Gross hematuria produces pink, red, or cola-colored urine due to the presence of red blood cells and bleeding is usually painless. However, having blood clots in your urine can be painful.
Bloody urine often occurs without other signs or symptoms.

Urinary tract infections . Symptoms may include a persistent urge to urinate, pain and burning when urinating, and urine with a strong fishy odor. For some people, especially older adults, the only sign of illness may be blood in the urine.
Kidney infection (pyelonephritis). Possible manifestations: fever, hematuria and lumbar pain.

Bladder stones or kidney stones . Symptoms are usually renal colic and hematuria. Prostate enlargement. Kidney disease. Microscopic hematuria is a common symptom of glomerulonephritis, an inflammation of the kidney's filtering system. Cancer. Blood in the urine can be a sign of kidney, bladder or prostate cancer. Hereditary disorder. Sickle cell anemia - an inherited defect of hemoglobin in red blood cells - causes blood in the urine. Kidney injury. Kidney injury can cause hematuria. Medicine. Some drugs can cause hematuria: Anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and penicillin... Exercise. Very rarely, strenuous exercise can lead to hematuria of unknown etiology. It may be related to bladder injury, dehydration, or the breakdown of red blood cells that occurs with continuous aerobic exercise.

Almost anyone - including children and adolescents - can have red blood cells in their urine. Factors that make this more likely include:
Age. Many men over the age of 50 experience occasional hematuria due to an enlarged prostate gland. A recent infection. Nephritis following viral or bacterial infection (postinfective glomerulonephritis) is one of the leading causes of hematuria in children.

Family history. You may be more likely to have blood in your urine if you have a family history of kidney disease or kidney stones. Certain drugs. Aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and antibiotics such as penicillin are known to increase the risk of urinary bleeding. Do exercise. Long-distance runners are especially susceptible to exercise-induced blood in the urine.

The following tests and examinations play an important role in determining the cause of hematuria:
Physical examination: includes an examination and taking your medical history. Urine test. Urinalysis can check for red blood cells in the urine and also evaluate for urinary tract infections or the presence of minerals that cause kidney stones. Imaging tests. Your doctor may recommend a CT or MRI scan or an ultrasound exam. Cystoscopy. The doctor inserts a narrow tube with a small camera attached to the bladder to examine the bladder and urethra for signs of disease. Sometimes, the cause of blood in the urine cannot be found. In that case, your doctor may recommend regular follow-up tests, especially if you have risk factors for bladder cancer, such as smoking, exposure to environmental toxins, or a history of radiation. treat.

Depending on the cause of your hematuria, treatment may include taking antibiotics to clear up a urinary tract infection, trying prescription medications to shrink an enlarged prostate, or treating a kidney stone. skin, endoscopic laser lithotripsy. In some cases, no treatment is needed.
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