Herpes simplex viral encephalitis: causes, symptoms and treatment

Article written by Doctor Le Xuan Luat - Vinmec Times City International General Hospital.

Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma, causing changes in brain function such as disturbances in consciousness, disturbances in movement, perception, perception, changes in behavior, or facial paralysis or paralysis. sell body.

1. HSV . encephalitis

When it comes to encephalitis, it is often understood as encephalitis caused by a virus. HSV encephalitis is an acute, sporadic, non-seasonal infection of the central nervous system. HSV invades brain parenchyma, causing necrosis with cerebral hemorrhage.
HSV encephalitis usually has a rapid onset, is acute, and has a high mortality rate. Symptoms include fever, confusion, and severe development. If detected early, timely specific treatment, intensive care, patients have a better prognosis.

Viêm não do HSV gây ra nhiều biến chứng nguy hiểm

2. Cause

There are many viruses that can cause encephalitis, Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one of the common causes. Of the eight strains of HSV that can cause disease in humans, HSV-1 is the most common cause of encephalitis in humans. HSV causes encephalitis mainly by HSV-1, accounting for more than 95% of cases of encephalitis caused by HSV. For the rest, HSV-2 accounts for less than 5% of cases.
The prevalence of encephalitis caused by HSV-1 in humans is 2-4/1,000,000 people. Among viral encephalitis deaths, HSV-1 accounts for 10%-20% of the 20,000 annual viral encephalitis infections.

HSV-2 — Hình ảnh virus Herpes simplex 2 gây viêm não

HSV is a virus of the family Herpeviridae. HSV has a double-stranded DNA structure that is capable of self-replicating in host cells. The name herpes is derived from the Greek word, herpein, meaning "to creep" to describe the potential infective capacity of this group of viruses.
HSV is classified as a cause of primary encephalitis, due to its ability to persist latent in the human body for a long time, the virus reactivates and invades the central nervous system causing encephalitis.

3. Clinical symptoms

Sudden, acute onset. The patient has a high fever and headache. Patients may change perception, reduce memory, change personality, change smell perception, more severe may have coma, convulsions. Examination may show a stiff neck or Kernig's sign.

4. Diagnosis of HSV . encephalitis

HSV encephalitis should be considered in any patient presenting with acute encephalitis. To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to take cerebrospinal fluid for testing such as PCR for HSV. In addition, cranial magnetic resonance imaging is also essential in the diagnosis.

Chụp cộng hưởng từ mang lại chất lượng hình ảnh tốt, độ tương phản cao — Chụp cộng hưởng từ cho phép chẩn đoán hình ảnh chính xác, an toàn

5. Specific treatment

Specific treatment for HSV is Acycolvir intravenous infusion . When detected early, and HSV encephalitis is suspected, Acyclovir should be prescribed as soon as possible.

6. Supportive treatment

Patients with HSV encephalitis need intensive treatment in the early stages in the intensive care unit, need to monitor vital functions such as breathing and circulation closely. Other supportive treatment such as:
Reduce fever with paracetamol. Rehydration, correction of fluid and electrolyte disturbances. Treatment of convulsions. Use antibiotics if there is a bacterial superinfection.

Ở mức độ nhẹ, bệnh nhân được điều trị bằng kháng sinh — Kháng sinh có hiệu quả trong việc điều trị hỗ trợ bệnh viêm não do HSV

Vinmec International General Hospital is one of the hospitals that not only ensures professional quality with a team of leading medical doctors, modern equipment and technology, but also stands out for its examination and consultation services. comprehensive and professional medical consultation and treatment; civilized, polite, safe and sterile medical examination and treatment space. Customers when choosing to perform tests here can be completely assured of the accuracy of test results.
If you notice any unusual health problems, you should visit and consult with a specialist.

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Bài viết này được viết cho người đọc tại Sài Gòn, Hà Nội, Hồ Chí Minh, Phú Quốc, Nha Trang, Hạ Long, Hải Phòng, Đà Nẵng.