Metabolic syndrome

Article by Master, Doctor Bui Minh Duc - Department of General Internal Medicine - Vinmec Times City International General Hospital.

Metabolic syndrome is a condition that represents a group of risk factors. People with metabolic syndrome are more likely to develop chronic medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when any of the following three risk factors are present:
Waist measurement > 35 inches (88.9 cm) in women and > 40 inches (101.6 cm) in men High blood pressure or treatment of hypertension Fasting blood glucose > 100 mg/dl or being treated for diabetes Triglycerides are elevated or are being treated for high triglycerides low HDL cholesterol or are being treated for obesity. From 2013 to 2014, in the US the obesity rate (BMI 30.0 kg/m2 - 39.9 kg/m2) in people 20 years of age and older was 37.9%. In the same year, the prevalence of obesity (BMI 40 kg/m2) was 7.7% in the same age category.

Lifestyle changes can help prevent the formation of risk factors for metabolic syndrome
2.1 Diet Dietary recommendations may improve some dyslipidemia in adults :
Eat vegetables, especially green and leafy ones Choose whole grains, breads and rice Reduce fat from dairy Choose lean proteins, such as fish, boneless, skinless chicken or turkey, reduced-fat ground beef, eggs, legumes and nuts Use monounsaturated and polyunsaturated oils for cooking Choose no fruit or whole fruit and no sugar substitutes because of foods with added sugar, such as colas, fruit juices, cakes, cookies, pies, candies and other snacks and sweets. Limit alcohol intake

These dietary recommendations can help achieve and maintain optimal blood pressure in adults:
Following the dietary recommendations to improve some of the metabolic disorders above will help reduce dietary sodium consumption to 2,400 mg/day or less (consider larger restrictive measures against lower blood pressure goals). Note that reducing sodium consumption to 1,000 mg/day has been shown to improve blood pressure readings based on lower sodium items. Clinical practice guidelines do not add salt.
Alternatively, fresh fruit and vegetables can be chosen over bottled soft drinks, making home-cooked meals optimal for ingredient control and awareness. Consider the sodium-restricted DASH diet

2.2 Physical Activity These physical activity recommendations may help improve some dyslipidemia and blood pressure in adults:
Reduce inactivity throughout the day. Engage in aerobic activity, which should be done for no less than ten minutes with multiple sessions performed each day/week. Moderate intensity, should include no less than 150 minutes of activity/week. May increase to 300 minutes of activity (or more)/week when vigorous intensity is tolerated. Do not be active for less than 75 minutes of activity/week. May increase to 150 minutes of activity (or more)/week as tolerated intensity levels can be combined and should be extended for recommended durations Incorporate strength training as tolerated to increase added health benefits. Increasing physical activity beyond recommendations is appropriate (as tolerated) and may lead to additional health benefits. Develop an individualized exercise plan that considers the presence of chronic or debilitating illness, current fitness level, and physical ability. Follow proper safety precautions to avoid injury, boredom, and delays in reaching your fitness plan goals.

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Dyslipidemia: Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment Learn about blood lipid tests Diagnosis and treatment of insulin resistance