What is Basedow's disease?

In Vietnam, the rate of people suffering from Graves' disease is quite high, accounting for about 10% to 39% of diseases related to goiter today. If the disease is not treated in time, it can lead to dangerous complications.

1. What is Basedow's disease?

Graves' disease is the most common endocrine disease today, in which autoimmune hyperthyroidism accounts for more than 90% of hyperthyroidism. The disease is characterized by diffuse goiter and protrusion of the eyes, usually seen mainly in women. If it is not treated in time, it can be very dangerous for the patient.

2. Recognizing the symptoms of Basedow's disease

The recognition of symptoms is divided into two large groups of syndromes, which manifest in the thyroid gland and those outside the thyroid gland.
2.1. In thyroid goiter
People with Graves' disease often have a large goiter, often diffuse, relatively even, soft or slightly hard, if the goiter is large, it can compress nearby organs. Some manifestations of vascular disorders in the neck area such as redness, heat, increased sweating.
Cardiovascular
palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmias during exertion or during rest. Strong cases cause vascular heart failure, pulmonary edema, hepatomegaly, and edema of the lower extremities.
Neuromuscular
A prominent sign in both hands is hand tremors accompanied by muscle weakness. When suffering from hyperthyroidism, patients often have mood swings, anger or irritability, anger, talkativeness, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, and insomnia.

Run tay — Hai bàn tay là run tay kèm theo yếu cơ ở người bệnh Basedow

Signs of increased metabolism
Body temperature is high, erratic, unstable, always feeling hot. The body thins quickly, drinks a lot of water, can withstand cold weather but can't stand hot weather. In addition, there are metabolic disorders that cause osteoporosis, in the elderly after menopause, causing many serious complications such as vertebral collapse, natural osteoporosis, inflammation around the joints.
Digestive manifestations
Eating a lot is still skinny, or suffering from diarrhea, vomiting, jaundice.
Physiological disorders
With manifestations of decreased libido in men and menstrual disorders in women, gynecomastia in men.

Skin and dependent organs
Itchy skin, manifestations of skin pigmentation disorders, rash appears on hands and extremities, dry hair, gray hair, very easy to lose hair.

2.2. Extrathyroidal manifestations Eye lesions
Common is protrusion of the eye. There are 2 types of pseudobulbar and true protrusion (endocrine protrusion), which may not be related to the degree of thyrotoxicosis or is independent of treatment because it can occur after the treatment process, especially surgery or surgery. radiation treatment. Pseudo-protrusion This symptom is a non-infiltrating lesion related to functional abnormalities due to increased sympathetic nervous system activity, increased thyroxine, causing increased contraction of the levator muscle, causing the corners of the eyes to widen.

Thương tổn mắt với biểu hiện mắt người bệnh bị lồi mắt

True protrusion
True protrusion (endocrine protrusion) infiltrative lesions related to orbital components cause endocrine ocular disease in the context of autoimmune disease Basedow's disease causing damage to ophthalmic muscles and posterior orbital tissues . This eye disease is often associated with increased TSH (stimulus) antibody levels.
Remembrance
The incidence is 2-3%, usually located in the front eye of the shin, below the knee, with symmetry. Thick, non-extractable lesions, several centimeters in diameter, are limited. The skin of the affected area is usually pink and shiny, with hard infiltrates 9 (pork skin), large and prominent pores, sparse growth, hairs standing up (orange), excreting a lot of sweat. In some cases, patients with this phenomenon also appear to radiate from the lower extremities to the feet.

Enlargement of the extremities
The tips of the fingers and toes of the patient are clubhead-shaped, involving the periosteum, there may be soft tissue reaction, paleness, and normal temperature distinguishing lung disease man. There are also symptoms of nail loss.
In addition to the above manifestations, there are also some signs of other autoimmune diseases associated with the patient, such as renal cortical insufficiency, parathyroid failure, diabetes, myasthenia gravis, in the context of multiple internal diseases. autoimmune.

3. Causes of Basedow's disease

Basedow's disease is currently an autoimmune disease with a statistical cause that is largely related to genetics about 79%, the rest is due to other factors such as age, living environment, location, sex, chemistry substances found in everyday foods.

Phenylceton niệu là một bệnh di truyền — Di truyền là nguyên nhân chính gây bệnh Basedow

4. Is Graves' disease dangerous?

Basedow is a very dangerous disease for the cardiovascular system, if not treated promptly and properly, the patient will die in a state of heart failure, exhaustion and especially in a stormy state. thyroid, one of the serious complications of the disease.

5. Diagnosis of Basedow's disease

Clinical diagnosis of Graves' disease is carried out such as:
Thyroid ultrasound, thyroid Doppler ultrasound, hormone diagnostic test, thyroid scan, electrocardiogram, X-ray, liver enzyme test,...

Siêu âm tuyến giáp giúp bác sĩ chẩn đoán bệnh Basedow

6. Measures to prevent Basedow's disease

For patients who have had the disease, several steps should be taken to reduce the risk of autoimmune hyperthyroidism returning of the disease.
Improve health, eat nutritious and healthy foods regularly to strengthen body health, increase resistance and regulate the body's immune system.
Patients need to build a good mental foundation, comfort, avoid stress, sadness. Do not smoke and use stimulants that are harmful to the respiratory tract, avoid inhaling tobacco smoke. Wear glasses to protect your eyes from dust, use drops, and clean your eyes daily. Limit eating foods containing a lot of iodine, do not touch the neck area much.

In addition, if there are any symptoms of hyperthyroidism mentioned above, people need to go to medical facilities to perform thyroid ultrasound in order to detect early and have the right treatment plan for them. with this disease.
Vinmec International General Hospital is one of the hospitals that not only ensures professional quality with a team of leading medical doctors, modern equipment and technology, but also stands out for its examination and consultation services. comprehensive and professional medical consultation and treatment; civilized, polite, safe and sterile medical examination and treatment space. Customers when choosing to perform tests here can be completely assured of the accuracy of test results.
Customers can directly go to Vinmec Health system nationwide to visit or contact the hotline here for support.

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