Hormones produced by the pituitary gland

The article was professionally consulted with Master, Doctor Do Xuan Chien - Head of Department of Medical Examination & Internal Medicine - Vinmec Ha Long International General Hospital.

The pituitary gland has different types of glandular cells, each type of gland secretes a corresponding hormone (hormone) and at the same time acts on other organs or endocrine glands of the body. The anterior pituitary gland produces hormones that regulate a wide range of bodily functions. The anterior pituitary gland has at least seven different hormones secreted while the posterior pituitary produces only two.

The pituitary gland is an endocrine (hormone-producing) gland. This is an important part of a special signaling system, which helps to regulate many different functions of the body. The pituitary gland controls the body's functions by releasing hormones (also known as hormones) into the bloodstream. Pituitary hormones are transported into the bloodstream to reach the target organs.
Usually at the target organs, they release a second hormone. Target organs can be specific endocrine glands or different types of tissues in the body such as certain groups of cells.
The pituitary gland has two main parts (lobes): the anterior pituitary gland (in front) and the posterior pituitary gland (in the back). These two parts release different hormone secretions that target different target organs of the body.

2.1 Effect Effect in all stages of synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone. Thyroid nutrition and growth of the capillary system of the thyroid gland. Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Controls many body functions, including heart rate, temperature, and metabolism. 2.2. Regulation of TSH secretion is secreted by the control mechanism of TRH, which depends on the concentration of free T3, and T4 by a counter-regulatory mechanism. The normal adult concentration is 2.12 (0.91 mU/L).

3.1. Nutritional effects, stimulates the synthesis and secretion of adrenocortical hormones. Acts mainly on the fascia and reticulum that secrete glucocorticoids and androgens. Stimulates adrenal glands to produce cortisol. Cortisol is important in controlling the body's metabolism, blood sugar and blood pressure. On brain tissue, ACTH increases learning and memory processes. Stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin, so the disorder of ACTH secretion also causes hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation in the skin. 3.2. Regulation of secretion The secretion of the adrenal hormone ACTH is determined by the CRH concentration of the hypothalamus, when the CRH concentration increases, the secretion of ACTH is increased. It is also due to the negative and positive counterregulatory effects of cortisol. At the same time, ACTH is also regulated according to circadian rhythms, ACTH concentrations are highest between 6-8 am. In adult Vietnamese (blood drawn at 8:30 am in 25 healthy men) the ACTH concentration is 9.78 (4.60 pg/ml).

4.1. Effects Effects on body development: Acts on most body tissues, increases the number and size of cells, increases the size of internal organs. Stimulates the growth of cartilaginous tissues at the ends of long bones thereby elongating the bone body, and at the same time, cartilage tissue is gradually ossified until adolescence, at which time the head and bone body fuse together and the bone no longer long. GH increases periosteal thickness in ossified bones. This effect is evident during development and continues throughout life.

Effects on metabolism. Increase protein synthesis, increase amino acid uptake into cells. Causes hyperglycemia due to decreased cellular glucose utilization, increased cellular glycogen stores, decreased glucose uptake into cells, increased insulin secretion, and insulin resistance in muscle tissue reduces glucose transport across cell membranes. Increases the mobilization of stored fat to provide energy, thus increasing the concentration of fatty acids in the blood. Under the effect of growth hormone GH, lipids are used to create energy to save protein for body growth.

The effect of the hormone FSH helps to stimulate the ovaries to produce follicles and testes to produce sperm. Meanwhile, Luteinising hormone (LH) stimulates ovulation and stimulates cells in the testicles to produce testosterone.
In men: Stimulates the development of the seminiferous tubules, increases testicular weight, maintains sperm production, but does not stimulate the secretion of male sex hormones. In women: Stimulating the development of follicles in the early stages, combining LH to make eggs ripen, ovulate and start secreting estrogen Vinmec International General Hospital is one of the hospitals that not only ensures professional quality with a team of leading medical doctors, a system of modern equipment and technology, but also outstanding with comprehensive and professional medical examination, consulting and treatment services; civilized, polite, safe and sterile medical examination and treatment space. Customers when choosing to perform tests here can be completely assured of the accuracy of test results.