Types of dyslipoproteinemia

Lipoprotein metabolism disorder is a condition that more and more people suffer from, seriously affecting health as well as quality of life if not treated early.

Lipoprotein metabolism disorders and hyperlipidemia are also known as dyslipidemia, high blood lipids, hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia. These terms refer to the disorder of blood fat indexes, these 4 indicators include: Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides.
This condition can occur in all subjects, including those who are thin, vegetarian, eat a lot of vegetables, don't eat meat,... This is because the body has a lipid metabolism disorder in the liver, cholesterol cannot enters tissues and organs, so cells lack energy while excess fat remains in the blood.
Disorders of blood lipid metabolism when there is one or more of the following disorders: Increased blood cholesterol, increased blood triglycerides, increased LDL-cholesterol or decreased HDL-cholesterol in the blood. If this phenomenon is prolonged, it causes atherosclerosis, narrowing of blood vessels and is the main cause of cardiovascular disease.
Most patients have no physical symptoms (such as cough, shortness of breath, or chest pain) nor specific physical symptoms (symptoms found on physical examination). Dyslipidemia is usually diagnosed by routine screening in asymptomatic patients or in patients with dyslipidemia-related diseases.

Primary Lipoproteinemia: Genetically determined by genes Primary Lipoproteinemia: Very rare, as in Tangier disease or some hereditary protein deficiencies. Secondary lipoprotein disorder: Hyperlipoproteinemia secondary to certain diseases such as diabetes, cirrhosis, biliary obstruction, alcoholism...

Lipoproteins are a collection of impurities including fats and proteins in the blood that are used to transport cholesterol and triglycerides. The outer phospholipid fat is water-soluble, and the inner fat is accompanied by apoprotein. Body tissues can recognize apoproteins and accept lipoproteins. Depending on the percentage of these components in the structure, ngta is divided into the following 6 types:
HDL (high density lipoprotein) contains 50% apoprotein and 50% lipid in composition, about 1⁄3 of the total cholesterol is carried in HDL. It is believed that HDL normally carries cholesterol out of the arteries back to the liver and then excreted from the body. Others argue that HDL "captures" excess cholesterol in plaques and slows the growth of these plaques. Therefore, HDL is often referred to as the 'good cholesterol'. The lower the HDL, the higher the chance of cardiovascular disease, and conversely, high HDL can reduce the chance of cardiovascular disease. LDL (low-density lipoprotein) contains 25% apoprotein and 75% lipid (45% of which is cholesterol). In contrast to HDL, LDL is known as "bad cholesterol". When there is too much LDL in the blood, cholesterol is deposited into the membranes of the arteries, gradually narrowing the diameter of the vessels. It then combines with other substances in the lining of the artery wall to form plaques. Atherosclerotic plaques can crack, making the artery walls not smooth. When flowing through these "rugged" places, the blood flow is prone to irregular turbulence, stagnation and easy to clot into blood clots. These blood clots can develop in a "alluvial" pattern, a layer on top of each other, sometimes thick enough to block an artery.
If this happens in a coronary artery, the result is a heart block, causing a heart attack. In the case of a blood clot that has come out of an artery wall, it flows through the blood stream until it gets stuck in a vessel of a smaller diameter and blocks it. If unfortunately it is the blood vessel of the brain, the result is a cerebrovascular accident.
IDL : Metabolized form intermediate between LDL and VLDL. VLDL: (very low density lipoprotein) contains 10% apoprotein and 90% lipid, responsible for transporting lipids from the liver to tissues. CM: (chylomyron) contains 2% protein and 98% lipid in composition, responsible for transporting exogenous lipids from the intestine to the liver. Lipoprotein (a): Similar to LDL, structurally similar to plasminogen. People often conduct electrophoresis to determine the ratio of each type of lipoprotein in the blood.

Things to note about nutrition. To reduce blood cholesterol, the diet should only provide less than 30% of calories from fat - Avoid eating animal fat (lard, butter, beef fat...) and cow's milk cream. These foods contain a lot of saturated fat, which is very easy to clog arteries.
The best way is to choose all lean meat, if you eat poultry, remove the skin. If using dairy foods, you should choose skim milk (also known as skim milk). Even yogurt or cheese should choose one made from skim milk or milk with only 1-2% fat content.
4.1 Foods to eat Should eat foods that contain low cholesterol such as green vegetables, products made from beans, lean meat... Especially should eat green vegetables containing lots of fiber. Because of this, it reduces the intestinal absorption of cholesterol. Abstain from foods with high fat concentration, should eat low-fat foods such as fish, tofu, soybeans... Should eat foods that have many effects on blood fat reduction such as: Ginger, bean products milk, shiitake, wood ear, onion, tortoise, tea, corn oil. Drink plenty of water during the day. Use cooking oil instead of animal fat (soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil...). Eat lots of fresh fruits and vegetables, less sweet (about 500g per day), whole fruit rather than juice. Eat a lot of garlic

Each week should have at least 3 days to eat fish and 1 day to eat beans (tofu, chickpeas, green beans...) instead of eating meat. If you eat meat, choose lean meats that are free of fat, skin, and tendons. If eating shrimp, crab, crab... should remove the brick part. Only 2 chicken eggs or duck eggs should be used per week. Get enough folic acid: If the amount of this acid in the blood is too low, the level of homocysteine ​​will increase, leading to the risk of heart disease. Researchers recommend getting 400 mg of folic acid a day through foods like spinach, orange juice, bread, peanuts, white beans and wheat germ. 4.2 Foods that should not be eaten Do not eat dinner too late with foods high in protein because it will be difficult to digest and will cause cholesterol to accumulate on artery walls leading to atherosclerosis. Eat fried foods often. Regularly eat foods with high cholesterol content (for example: pork brain, fat, chicken skin, duck skin, pork skin, egg yolk, pork leg, beef tendon, intestines, sausage...). Eating too many sweets (eg: Tea, jam, candy, cakes, ice cream, soft drinks, energy drinks, canned juices, ...). Eat foods like margarine sticks and cakes, baked goods, fried products like french fries, instant noodles and many other industrially prepared foods. These foods contain trans fatty acids, which can raise blood cholesterol levels. To avoid this acid, if you want to spread butter on your bread, choose a soft margarine. Drinking too much alcohol, beer (however, drinking 1 small glass of red wine a day in moderation will be good for blood vessels) Smoking. Most disorders of lipoprotein metabolism have no obvious symptoms, but if prolonged, they lead to atherosclerosis, narrowing of the arteries and the main cause of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, regular examination and blood lipid testing is essential. You can join the general health check-up package at Vinmec Times City International General Hospital, with a team of dedicated doctors in their work, good expertise and advanced medical equipment that will help diagnose and timely treatment.
Customers can go directly to Vinmec Times City to visit or contact hotline 0243 9743 556 for support.