Cancer treatments

Cancer is a dangerous disease, becoming a burden to the whole society. However, cancer is not the end, people with cancer do not have to be sentenced to death. With the development of modern medicine, there are more and more cancer treatment methods such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, transplant, stem cell transplant.... The following are the treatment methods. Current cancer treatment

1. Chemotherapy

This is a method of using powerful drugs that stop the cancer from spreading, slow the growth of cancer cells, or even kill the cancer cells. Using chemotherapy to treat cancer can cause side effects because besides killing cancer cells it also kills growing cells in your body including: blood cells, mouth, digestive system and hair follicles. Currently, there are over 100 types of chemotherapy drugs. Your doctor will choose the best and most suitable medicine for you to treat the type of cancer you have. You can take them by mouth in tablet or softgel form, put them on the skin in cream form, or give chemotherapy drugs intravenously at home or in the hospital.

2. External beam radiation therapy

This is one of the cancer treatments, this treatment attacks cancer cells by using high-energy particles (such as protons or other particles) or using waves. electromagnetic radiation like X-rays. It destroys or damages cancer cells in a specific area instead of your entire body. A common method of use is to use a treatment machine outside of your body. It is called external beam radiation therapy.

3. Radiation therapy inside the body

With cancer treatment by internal radiation therapy, they will implant a radioactive substance the size of a grain of rice into your body where the tumor is. This radioactive substance kills cancer cells. Internal radiation therapy exposes your body to radiation during treatment, so you should avoid contact with other people until your treatment is complete.

4. Surgery to remove cancer

Cancer treatment with surgery works best if your tumor is solid in a certain area of the body. Surgery is not usually indicated if the cancer has spread or if there is a blood cancer such as leukemia. The surgeon will make an incision in your skin with a scalpel or other sharp instrument and remove as much as possible to get the tumor out of your body. They may also take out lymph nodes and body tissues for biopsies and necessary tests. That's called open surgery.

5. Minimally Invasive Surgery

The goal of minimally invasive surgery is the same as open surgery: remove the tumor and also remove tissue and lymph nodes for necessary tests. But instead of making a large incision in the skin to perform the surgery, the surgeon only needs to make a few small cuts. They put a tiny camera-mounted tube through the cut to examine the inside of your body, tools are inserted through the other cuts. Minimally invasive surgery is also known as laparoscopic surgery. Patients treated with laparoscopic surgery usually have a shorter recovery time than open surgery.

6. Other surgical surgical methods

6.1. Cryosurgery is a procedure that uses cold nitrogen or argon gas to freeze abnormal body tissues. This method can treat early-stage skin cancers, retinoblastoma, and precancerous markers of the skin or cervix.
6.2. Phototherapy is an endoscopic surgery that delivers drugs close to the tumor. The light activates the drug to kill the cancer cells.
6.3. Laser surgery Laser surgery uses a strong beam of light to cut into your skin. This treatment is great for very small areas of the body. Sometimes lasers can even shrink tumors.

7. Stem Cell Transplant

These are immature blood and bone marrow cells in their final form. Certain types of cancer, such as leukemia and lymphoma, prevent the normal growth of blood cells. The doctor will use stem cells to replace the cells in the bone marrow that other treatments destroy. That means you can take those therapies in higher doses. Sometimes stem cells can also seek out and destroy cancer cells. You will be injected with stem cells through a needle called a catheter, just like you would if you received a blood transfusion.

8. Use the drug exactly right for your type of cancer

In this latest cancer treatment, the use of precision medicine in cancer treatment is also known as personalized medicine that uses your own genetic makeup and other things to find a good treatment your cancer. In a one-size-fits-all model, your doctor chooses the best drug to treat your cancer. Using the right medication eliminates some of the guesswork in the selection process. It is not generally used for all forms of disease. Many people assume that it is only part of a clinical trial.

9. Targeted therapy

This method is often combined with other treatments. This method uses powerful drugs like chemotherapy but instead of killing rapidly growing cells they target the parts of cancer cells that make the cancer cells different. with other cells. These target drugs will either prevent the blood vessels around the cancer cells from growing or turn off the signals that tell the cancer cells to grow. Targeted therapy can also tell your immune system to destroy them or change their protein structure so that they are destroyed.

10. Hormonal Therapy for Endocrine Therapy

Also known as endocrine therapy, this hormone therapy targets cancers that use hormones to grow. There are two types of hormone therapy:
One is to block your body's secretion of hormones. The second is to prevent hormones from working the way they should. This hormone therapy can be taken in pill form or injected into your body. Sometimes your doctor may recommend surgery to remove hormone-secreting organs such as the ovaries or testicles. Doctors use hormone therapy with other treatments to shrink a tumor before surgery or other treatment, or to kill cancer cells that have spread to organs. other of your body. It may also reduce the risk of cancer coming back.

11. Gene therapy

Gene therapy is one of the newest cancer treatments available today. This therapy uses a special carrier, usually a virus, that delivers RNA or DNA into living cells in your body. Your doctor will remove some cells and put genetic material into them in a lab or give you the carrier directly. The altered cells will kill cancer cells, slow the growth of cancer cells, or help healthy cells in the body increase their ability to fight cancer. Doctors don't currently use gene therapy to treat cancer widely, but certain types of gene therapy are available to treat certain diseases.

12. Immunotherapy

In a recent statement, the Director of K Hospital once shared that Vietnam is in the final stage of clinical trials of an immunotherapy method on cancer patients. In the near future, this will be the latest cancer treatment method in Vietnam. Immunotherapy, also known as biological therapy, uses your own immune system to fight cancer. This therapy boosts your immune system or marks cancer cells so it's easier for your immune system to find and destroy cancer cells. You can take it by mouth when it's in pill form, or by intravenous injection to get it into your body, by applying it to your skin when it's in cream form, or by giving it a catheter directly into your bladder. friend.

13. Types of Immunotherapy

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are drugs that turn off your body's immune system so they can find and attack cancer cells Cancer vaccines Cancer starts an immune response against cancer cells so your body can better attack these cancer cells. Getting vaccinated against cancer can also prevent certain cancers. Monoclonal antibodies are drugs that are made in a laboratory and work in the same way as natural ones in the body. Monoclonal antibodies mark cancer cells as substances that your immune system should attack. They can also help chemotherapy and radiation go directly into cancer cells.

14. Cultured cell transfer therapy

This is another type of immunotherapy but it also involves gene therapy. Doctors take immune cells from your blood and install a genetic structure to change these immune cells so they can more easily recognize and kill cancer cells. better. They will then grow many of these immune cells in the lab and put them back into your body. To date, there is only one type of ACT approved by the FDA for use: T-CAR T-cell therapy.

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Reference source: webmd

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