Endometriosis-type ovarian cyst

The article is professionally consulted by Master, Doctor Nguyen Ngoc Chien - Reproductive Support Center - Vinmec Times City International General Hospital.

During the menstrual period, the endometrium layer will follow the blood out. However, for some reason this type of tissue can start to grow in other places like your fallopian tubes, bladder, and intestines. Although located in the wrong place, this endothelium is still under the influence of sex hormones, so it grows thicker. If they reach the ovaries, they will cause ovarian cysts in the form of endometriosis. Learn more about this disease through the article below.

Some common signs of endometriosis ovarian cysts are:
Abdominal cramps during menstruation. Menstrual disorders. Pain when going to the toilet, bowel contractions when urinating. Pain during intercourse. Pain during exercise, such as bending and stretching. Severe pain, possibly a sign of ovarian torsion.

Large tumors (over 3 - 4 cm) often have an indication for surgery, small tumors (1 - 2 cm) are not indicated for surgery. Many women are interested in knowing whether endometriosis ovarian cysts will reduce pregnancy rates. Some can still get pregnant even without removing the cyst. Many mothers still have good fertility if the cyst is small. However, often endometriosis cysts will affect the mother's ability to conceive, the reason is:
Cysts growing on the ovaries can prevent the ovaries from forming an egg, which is fertilized. In some cases, eggs can be released from the ovaries of a woman with cysts, but sperm cannot penetrate the walls of these released eggs. Due to the presence of a cyst, the fallopian tube can develop into a scar. This can interfere with the transport of eggs and sperm. Cysts may also cause a higher risk of ectopic or tubal pregnancy in affected women. The substances contained in the cyst can prevent the fertilization of an egg. Cysts are affected by reproductive hormones and can therefore cause an imbalance of reproductive hormones - preventing the embryo from implanting and possibly causing a miscarriage.

Your doctor reviews your symptoms and asks about any pain you have. During a pelvic exam, your doctor will press on areas of your abdomen to feel for endometriotic ovarian cysts.
You will probably have laboratory tests. One of them is ultrasound. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a more detailed view of your ovaries.
Your doctor may also order a blood test to screen for cancer, to see if you are pregnant or have an infection.
Another way to diagnose endometriosis ovarian cysts is through laparoscopy. Your doctor will make a small incision in your belly button and insert a mini camera into your abdomen. This allows any cysts in the ovaries to be seen, assessed their size, and decided on the best treatment.

Your doctor will consider your age, pain characteristics, frequency, and whether you plan to have children in the future to choose a treatment plan that may include:
Monitoring and testing: Endometrioid cysts never go away, can simply be monitored periodically if the cyst is small and painless every 3-6 months. Medication: Your doctor may prescribe medication to help shrink the cyst. A group of drugs that doctors call GnRH agonists help put your body into temporary menopause—your ovaries stop producing estrogen, which can help ease any symptoms you have. GnRH agonists can cause some of the same side effects as menopause, such as hot flashes, loss of bone density, and less sex. You should not plan to become pregnant while taking this medicine. Surgery: Your doctor may talk to you about surgery if you have severe pain, medications don't work, or your cyst is larger than 3-4cm. Sometimes, the doctor can drain the cyst through the vagina under ultrasound guidance. In other cases, you may need to remove the entire cyst through open or laparoscopic surgery. This can relieve your pain and prevent other cysts from growing. If you are sure that you never want to get pregnant, your doctor may remove your ovaries. Your uterus can also be taken out, but doctors only do this surgery if other measures don't work and you don't want to have any more children. The earlier treatment is started, the greater their chances of having a baby. Early surgical removal of cysts can contribute to a reduced risk of progression, less damage to the ovaries, reduced symptoms, and a better quality of life.

Surgical removal can worsen ovarian function by removing healthy ovarian tissue or damaging blood flow to the ovaries. However, with proper observance of techniques using microsurgical principles and following strict guidelines for limiting the use of electrical power in ovarian surgery, it is possible to meticulously separate a cyst. from the ovarian vessels. Using sutures instead of bipolar (electrical) coagulation can reduce the incidence of ovarian dysfunction by not damaging the remaining follicles.
Endometriosis ovarian cyst is a dangerous disease in women, if not detected and treated promptly will cause complications. Therefore, women should have regular gynecological examination every 4-6 months to detect early signs of abnormal ovarian cysts as well as other gynecological diseases.
Basic gynecological examination and screening package for female customers, has no age limit and may have the following symptoms:
Abnormal vaginal bleeding. Menstrual problems: irregular periods, irregular periods. Abnormal vaginal discharge (with a bad smell, a different color than usual). Vaginal pain and itching. Female customers have several risk factors such as poor personal hygiene, unsafe sex, abortion,...
Female customers have other symptoms such as: Abnormal vaginal discharge, itching , vaginal pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding.