Uses of Glucophage 1000mg

Glucophage 1000mg is commonly used primarily for the treatment of non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetes conditions, especially in obese patients where exercise and diet regimens do not meet the needs. blood sugar control. The drug is prepared in the form of film-coated extended-release tablets, oval in shape, with 2 convex faces with grooves, one of which is stamped with the number "1000".
Glucophage 1000mg is manufactured by Merck Sante Pharmaceutical company, packed in a box of 2 blisters x 15 tablets, containing the following ingredients:
Main ingredients: Active ingredient metformin hydrochloride equivalent to 1000mg. Other excipients: Magnesium stearate, hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2208), carmellose sodium (sodium carboxymethylcellulose).

2.1. Indications for use of Glucophage 1000mg Glucophage 1000mg is usually prescribed by doctors for the following cases:
Support treatment for subjects with type 2 diabetes, can be used in combination with the regimen exercise and proper diet. Used alone or in combination with insulin, other drugs or supplements for people with type 2 diabetes 10 years of age and older. Considered a first-line treatment when the application of diet does not bring the desired effect, helping people with type 2 diabetes improve and significantly reduce complications. 2.2. Uses of Glucophage 1000mg The active ingredient metformin hydrochloride in Glucophage 1000mg is a biguanide, which helps reduce blood sugar levels by reducing the absorption of sugar in the intestines, while supporting glycogen synthesis in the liver, preventing the regeneration process. glucose and promote insulin action. As a result, blood sugar levels are significantly reduced and less likely to cause complications.
In addition, the active ingredient metformin also affects cells to increase glycogen synthesis. In addition to lowering blood glucose levels, this active ingredient also supports lipid metabolism in the body to take place more easily and conveniently.
The rate of absorption of metformin in the body is relatively slow and may be affected by food. The drug is rapidly distributed into body fluids and tissues with small amounts in red blood cells. Metformin is excreted mainly in the urine as unchanged drug. Renal clearance of metformin is usually greater than 400ml/min, however may be reduced in patients with renal impairment.

3.1. Dosage of Glucophage 1000mg In general, there is no fixed dosing regimen for the use of Glucophage 1000mg in patients with type 2 diabetes. The dose of Glucophage XR will be determined based on the patient's condition. as individual drug tolerance. However, do not exceed the maximum recommended daily dose of 2000mg.
Patients should also take Glucophage 1000mg once daily with dinner. It is recommended to start with a low dose first, then gradually increase the dose to reduce stomach side effects and help determine the minimum dose sufficient for good blood sugar control. Below is the specific dose of Glucophage 100mg for each subject:
Usual starting dose for adults: Take 850mg/dose, take 2-3 times/day, should not take > 3g/day. Usual starting dose for children from 10 to 17 years old: Take 500 or 850mg/dose, take 1 time/day, should not take > 2g/day. In case Glucophage 1000mg is used in combination with insulin to control blood sugar, the patient can take the drug at the following recommended dose:
The usual starting dose for Glucophage is 500mg / time / day (at dinner). Adjust insulin dose accordingly based on patient's blood glucose measurement. Increase dose of Glucophage to 1000mg/time/day after insulin dose adjustment. In order to determine the therapeutic response of Glucophage 1000mg as well as the minimum effective dose for people with type 2 diabetes, when starting treatment and adjusting the dose, it is necessary to check the fasting blood sugar level. Ideally, patients should have their HbA1C levels measured about every 3 months. Treatment with low-dose Glucophage alone or in combination with insulin and a sulfonylurea can lower both HbA1C and fasting blood sugar to normal.
In addition, monitoring HbA1C or blood glucose also helps physicians detect primary failure (maximum recommended dose is not sufficient to lower blood glucose) and secondary failure (not meeting glycemic control goals). after the initial effective treatment period).
3.2. How to use Glucophage 1000mg Because Glucophage 1000mg is made in the form of tablets, so patients should take it by mouth during or at the end of the evening meal. For the indicated dose of the drug is 2 times / day, the patient can divide the dose into morning and evening.
When taking, absolutely do not chew but swallow the tablet whole with water, this can help the patient reduce or avoid gastrointestinal discomfort. In addition, the drug Glucophage should be used regularly every day, avoiding interruption or arbitrarily stopping the drug without a doctor's prescription.

4.1. Treatment when taking an overdose of Glucophage 1000mg When taking more than 85g of metformin can lead to lactic acidosis. This is a serious metabolic complication that can lead to death if not treated promptly. Lactic acidosis occurs when a large amount of metformin builds up in the body due to an overdose of the prescribed medication. Statistically, these cases of metabolic complications are often seen in type 2 diabetic patients with renal failure.
When suffering from lactic acidosis, the patient often has typical symptoms such as hypothermia, shortness of breath, abdominal pain and coma. Diagnostic results showed that the patient's blood pH tended to decrease, anion difference increased, lactate/pyruvate ratio increased and plasma lactate concentration > 5mmol/liter. Because of the high danger, when you notice the symptoms of lactic acidosis, the patient should immediately stop taking the drug and go to the hospital as soon as possible. The most effective treatment for metformin overdose and lactic acidosis is hemodialysis.
4.2. What to do when you forget a dose of Glucophage 1000mg In case you forget to take a dose of Glucophage 1000mg, the patient needs to take the medicine as soon as possible. However, if it is too close to the time for your next dose, you should skip the missed dose and continue taking it at your usual time. Note that it is not recommended to take a supplement or double dose to avoid the risk of metformin accumulation in the body.

Below are some cases when Glucophage 1000mg should not be used, including:
People who are allergic to metformin hydrochloride or are hypersensitive to any of the excipients of the drug. People with manifestations of ketoacidosis or diabetic pre-coma. Patients with stage 3b (moderate) renal failure, severe stage or renal dysfunction (glomerular filtration rate less than 45mL/min/1.73m2) or creatinine clearance less than 45mL/min) . Having acute conditions with a risk of altering kidney function, such as shock, severe infection or dehydration. Patients injected intravenous contrast containing iodine. People with diseases that can lead to tissue hypoxia (complications of chronic or acute illness), such as myocardial infarction, shock, respiratory failure, or decompensated heart failure. People with liver failure, alcoholism or acute alcohol intoxication. Pregnant women with type 2 diabetes are only allowed to be treated with insulin, not metformin.

During the course of taking Glucophage 1000mg, patients may experience some of the following unwanted side effects (ADRs):
Very common ADRs: Patients may experience symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders, including gastrointestinal disorders. including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite or stomach pain. These side effects may appear at the start of treatment with Glucophage 1000mg and will go away on their own. To avoid these gastrointestinal symptoms, patients should take the drug during or after meals about 2-3 single doses. Slow dose increments also contribute to improved gastrointestinal tolerance. Common ADR: Appearance of symptoms of nervous system disorders, taste disturbances. Rare ADR: In rare cases, Glucophage 1000mg may cause metabolic problems and nutritional disorders such as lactic acidosis, decreased serum levels or decreased absorption of vitamin B12 by the body when long-term drug use. In addition, the patient may also experience disorders and subcutaneous metabolism such as urticaria, red rash and itching. Occasionally, hepatobiliary disorders may also be present, such as hepatitis without jaundice or abnormal liver function. When noticing the appearance of any side effects after using Glucophage 1000mg, the patient should stop using the drug and immediately report it to a specialist or to a medical center for diagnosis and measures. correct handling.

When using Glucophage 100mg with other drugs, interaction or competition may occur. Specifically:
Alcohol: Increases the risk of lactic acidosis in case of acute alcohol poisoning, especially in patients with liver failure, malnutrition or diet. Iodine-containing contrast agents: Causes renal failure, accumulation of metformin and an increased risk of lactic acidosis. Some drugs have the effect of increasing intrinsic blood sugar: Some drugs such as birth control pills, diuretics, calcium channel blockers when combined with Glucophage 1000mg can lead to blood sugar disturbances in the body. Drugs that cause hypoglycemia: Leads to excessively low blood sugar, causing symptoms such as low blood pressure, lightheadedness, and fainting. ACE inhibitors: Causes a decrease in blood glucose levels. In order to avoid the risk of drug interactions, patients should consult their physician before using any other substance or medication to be treated with Glucophage 1000mg.

8.1. Some things to note when using Glucophage 1000mg Before and while using Glucophage 1000mg, patients should note a few things as follows:
Check the expiry date of the medicine as well as the packaging and quality of the tablets. before starting to use. Always follow the dose recommended by the doctor, avoid arbitrarily increase / decrease the dose without indication. Complete and strictly follow the plan of a course of treatment, do not arbitrarily stop the drug midway. People operating machinery or driving vehicles should use caution when taking Glucophage due to its hypoglycemic effect when used in combination with other drugs such as insulin, repaglinide or sulphonylureas. Do not use metformin for type 2 diabetes in women planning a pregnancy or during pregnancy. Instead use insulin to maintain blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible to reduce the risk of birth defects. Lactating women should not be treated with metformin because the drug is excreted in breast milk. The decision to discontinue use of the drug or to discontinue breastfeeding will be made based on the importance of the drug to the mother's health condition.
8.2. How to store Glucophage 1000mg Glucophage 1000mg should be stored in a dry place, at a temperature < 30 degrees Celsius and away from direct light. Medicines should be stored in a high place, out of reach of small children and household pets. In addition, dispose of expired or damaged medicine in the right place according to the instructions of the doctor, avoid disposing of medicine indiscriminately in the toilet or sewer.
Glucophage 1000mg is a type 2 diabetes medication, with good hypoglycemic effect and good blood sugar control. To ensure the effectiveness of treatment and avoid side effects, patients need to take the drug as prescribed or as directed by the doctor.
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