What is Klamentin 1g?

Klamentin 1g DHG is a product of Hau Giang Pharmaceutical Joint Stock Company (DHG), with the main ingredients being Amoxicillin 875mg and Clavulanic Acid 125mg.
Amoxicillin is a semi-synthetic antibiotic belonging to the family of Beta-lactam antibiotics, this active substance has a broad bactericidal spectrum against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria due to its inhibitory effect on bacterial cell wall synthesis. However, Amoxicillin is easily destroyed by beta-lactamase enzymes, so the drug is not effective against strains of bacteria that are able to produce these enzymes.
Clavulanic acid has a Beta-lactam structure similar to penicillin, capable of inhibiting beta-lactamases produced by Gram-negative bacteria, Staphylococcus and plasmid-transmitted beta-lactamases causing resistance to Penicillin and Cephalosporins. The combination of clavulanic acid and amoxicillin in Klamentin 1g prevents Amoxicillin from being destroyed by beta-lactamases, and at the same time expands the antibacterial spectrum of Amoxicillin to include many bacteria normally resistant to Amoxicillin, other Penicillins and Cephalosporins.

Klamentin 1g is used for short-term treatment of bacterial infections in adults and children as follows:
Upper and lower respiratory tract infections: Sinusitis, acute otitis media, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis , community-acquired pneumonia ...; Genitourinary tract infections: cystitis, pyelonephritis - pyelonephritis; Skin and soft tissue infections: boils, wound infections; Infections involving bones and joints: osteomyelitis ; Other infections such as: septic abortion, obstetric infections, intra-abdominal infections. Klamentin has strong bactericidal activity against many types of bacteria, including beta-lactamase-producing strains resistant to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin.
The antibacterial spectrum of Klamentin antibiotic 1g is as follows:
Aerobic Gram-positive bacteria: Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium, Bacillus anthracis, Listeria monocytogenes; Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria: Clostridium, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus; Aerobic Gram-negative bacteria: Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella species, Salmonella, Shigella, Bordetella, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Vibrio cholerae, Pasteurella multocida. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria: Bacteroides including B. fragilis.

Take Klamentin 1g right before a meal to minimize drug intolerance in the gastrointestinal tract, swallow the Klamentin 1g tablet whole and do not chew the tablet. If necessary, you can break Klamentin 1g tablets in half and swallow each half, do not chew. Dosage of Klamentin 1g is calculated according to Amoxicillin content:
Adults and children over 40kg: Take 1 tablet of Klamentin 1g x 2 times/day. Children under 40kg: Not suitable for the content and dosage form of the drug Klamentin 1g. Elderly people: No need to adjust the dose of Klamentin 1g. Patients with renal failure with creatinine clearance > 30ml/min do not need to adjust the dose of Klamentin 1g. Do not use Klamentin 1g for people with glomerular filtration rate less than 30 ml/min. Hepatic impairment: There are insufficient data to provide a recommended dose of Klamentin 1g, so caution should be exercised in patients with hepatic impairment and liver function should be checked periodically. Duration of treatment with Klamentin 1g usually lasts from 5 to 10 days, each course of treatment should not exceed 14 days or used as directed by a doctor.

Symptoms of Klamentin 1g overdose include:
Gastrointestinal symptoms; Disturbance in water and electrolyte balance. Amoxicillin crystalluria observed in some cases can lead to renal failure; Convulsions may occur in patients with impaired renal function or high doses of Klamentin 1g. Can treat symptoms in the gastrointestinal tract with attention to water and electrolyte balance or use hemodialysis to remove Klamentin 1g from the circulation.

During the use of Klamentin 1g, patients may experience some of the following side effects:
When using Klamentin 1g, you may experience common undesirable effects: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, rash, itching. Uncommon side effects of Klamentin 1g: Eosinophilia, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, severe and prolonged transaminase elevations for several months, Candida vaginitis, dizziness, headache, whole body fever , fatigue... Rare side effects: Anaphylaxis, Quincke's edema, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, pseudomembranous colitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme , atopic dermatitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, interstitial nephritis. Instructions on how to manage ADR:
If allergic reaction causes erythema, Quincke's edema, anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, it is necessary to stop Klamentin 1g therapy and immediately treat emergency with adrenaline, oxygen , intravenous corticosteroid therapy and ventilation for the patient, including intubation. Never be treated with penicillins or cephalosporins in the future. Mild pseudomembranous colitis may only require discontinuation of Klamentin 1g. If severe (possibly due to Clostridium difficile) can be rehydrated and electrolytes, anti-clostridium antibiotics (Metronidazol, Vancomycin).

Klamentin 1g is contraindicated in the following cases:
Patients with hypersensitivity to Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Clavulanic Acid or any of the ingredients of Klamentin 1g; History of jaundice, liver dysfunction related Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Caution should be exercised when using Klamentin 1g in the following cases:
A history of hypersensitivity to Penicillin, Cephalosporin or other allergens should be carefully asked before starting treatment with Klamentin 1g; Hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) and sometimes fatal reactions in patients treated with Klamentin 1g; Prolonged treatment with Klamentin 1g may cause superinfection by overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms. Attention in the elderly, patients with a history of jaundice/liver dysfunction, signs and symptoms of cholestatic jaundice rarely occur when taking Klamentin 1g but can be severe; Patients should periodically check hematological indicators, liver and kidney function during the course of treatment with Klamentin 1g. Abnormal prolongation of prothrombin time (increased INR) has been reported in patients receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid concomitantly with oral anticoagulants. When taking Klamentin 1g, it may be necessary to adjust the dose of oral anticoagulants to maintain the desired level of anticoagulation. The drug Klamentin 1g can cause dizziness, headache, so caution should be exercised when operating machinery, driving vehicles, people working at height and other cases; There is no evidence of harmful effects on the fetus of Klamentin 1g, however, during pregnancy, Klamentin 1g should only be used when absolutely necessary. Klamentin 1g should be used with caution during lactation, as very small amounts are excreted in breast milk which may lead to adverse effects on the infant.

Some drug interactions with Klamentin 1g are recorded as follows:
Klamentin 1g can cause prolongation of bleeding and clotting time, be careful when using Klamentin 1g for people who are taking anticoagulants (warfarin). ) ; Methotrexate: Klamentin 1g increases the hematological toxicity of methotrexate due to inhibition of renal tubular secretion by penicillin antibiotics; Probenecid reduces the renal tubular secretion of Amoxicillin, increases the concentration of Amoxicillin in the blood; Klamentin 1g can reduce the effects of oral contraceptives; Concomitant use of Allopurinol while taking Klamentin 1g may increase the likelihood of allergic skin reactions. In summary, Klamentin 1g DHC is bactericidal against many types of bacteria, including strains that can secrete beta-lactamase. Taking the drug according to the indications for use and dosage will bring high efficiency and avoid unwanted side effects.
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