When should vitamin K1 be given intravenously?

Posted by Pharmacist Nguyen Thi Bich Phuong - Faculty of Pharmacy - Vinmec Ha Long International Hospital

Vitamins are very essential substances for the human body, especially babies. Patients at risk for vitamin K deficiency are those taking long-term broad-spectrum antibiotics or those with fat malabsorption for a variety of reasons, including disorders of biliary or pancreatic secretion.

1. Overview of vitamin K

Vitamin K is essential for the activity of several enzymes in liver cells and for the activation of clotting factors (VII, IX, X and prothrombin). Natural anticoagulant proteins (S,C) also need vitamin K to function.
Clinical signs and symptoms of vitamin K deficiency include easy bruising, mucosal bleeding, and bleeding with minor lesions. Patients at risk for vitamin K deficiency are those taking long-term broad-spectrum antibiotics or those with fat malabsorption for a variety of reasons, including disorders of biliary or pancreatic secretion.

Vitamin K deficiency is common in newborns due to immature liver function and low vitamin K transport across the placenta and breast milk. If vitamin K prophylaxis is not given to the child immediately after birth, the child may bleed due to vitamin K deficiency (infantile hemorrhage) and show signs of: Skin bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, intracranial bleeding . Bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency can appear late even when the baby is 8 months old, seen in exclusively breastfed babies because the source of vitamin K from breast milk is low.

2. In what cases is vitamin K1 used intravenously?

Intravenous vitamin K1 should only be used when oral administration is not possible or in emergency situations requiring rapid action.
Vitamin K1 can be used in the following cases:
Treatment of bleeding or threatened bleeding caused by a lack of prothrombin or clotting factor (factor VII in the blood). Detoxification of vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants. Reduce vitamin K in some cases such as cholestasis, liver disease, intestinal disease. Prevention and treatment of vitamin K deficiency in infants.

3. Possible reactions when injecting vitamin K intravenously

Intravenous vitamin K can cause hot flashes, sweating, hypotension, dizziness, weak pulse, dizziness, cyanosis, altered taste, change in skin color on lips, fingernails or fingers foot. An anaphylactic reaction may occur such as: rash, itching, swelling, swelling of the skin, chest pain, difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and throat.

Dị ứng — Một số trường hợp xuất hiện mẩn ngứa khi người bệnh được tiêm vitamin K vào tĩnh mạch

Skin reactions such as delayed hypersensitivity reactions, urticaria, and lumps may develop within 1 day to 1 year after injection. Doses greater than 25 mg may cause hyperbilirubinemia in neonates or premature infants, and intravenous administration may cause severe anaphylactoid reactions (even in drug-nave patients).

4. What preparation is needed before - after intravenous vitamin K injection?

Before injecting vitamin K into the vein, it is necessary to:
The patient needs to inform the doctor about the history of drug allergies, medical history as well as drugs that have been and are taking. Medical staff when using intravenous drugs should note: Inject slowly or dilute intravenous infusion at an appropriate rate to limit adverse effects. After injecting vitamin K intravenously, it is necessary to:
Patients need to monitor for abnormal symptoms after injection, immediately notify medical staff when experiencing anaphylactoid reactions or any other signs of anaphylaxis. as above.

Tiêm tĩnh mạch — Tiêm vitamin K vào tĩnh mạch cần được thực hiện theo đúng chỉ định của bác sĩ điều trị

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REFERENCES
Overview of vitamin K, Update accessed on February 15, 2020 Vitamin K (phytonadione): Patient drug information, Update accessed on February 15, 2020 SPC product information sheet

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Vitamin K deficiency can cause cerebral hemorrhage in young children What disease does vitamin K deficiency cause? Prevention of vitamin K deficiency and cerebral hemorrhage in children

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Bài viết này được viết cho người đọc tại Sài Gòn, Hà Nội, Hồ Chí Minh, Phú Quốc, Nha Trang, Hạ Long, Hải Phòng, Đà Nẵng.