Risk factors for a heart attack

Vietnam has more than 70% of people with diabetes have a heart attack and up to 67.5% of patients also have the disease due to smoking. These are alarming numbers about the risk of heart attack.

Myocardial infarction, the most dangerous complication of coronary heart disease and the leading cause of death in cardiovascular diseases.
An infarction occurs when the coronary artery lumen, the blood flow that carries oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle cells is suddenly completely blocked. When the heart muscle is no longer supplied with enough blood, it will die. This is an emergency condition, the patient can die very quickly if not treated promptly, the lucky cases that survive, the risk of heart failure in the future is also very high.

The two main causes of coronary artery occlusion are: plaque atherosclerosis and blood clots. For patients with myocardial infarction, there will be a combination of these two components: the moment the fat particles begin to settle in the surrounding area of ​​the vessel wall, they begin to form atherosclerotic plaques, gradually The fat mass thickens, causing the vessel lumen to gradually narrow, hindering blood circulation. Combined with clots that have already clotted, they lead to a complete blockage of the coronary artery, at which point myocardial infarction begins to occur.
The risk of myocardial infarction is common for the following cases:
Age and sex Age is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. The risk of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease increases with age, the risk of death is 1.5 per thousand people at age 50. In men, the mean age of coronary heart disease is 55, in women it is 65. Men. The risk of developing the disease is 5 times higher than that of women in their 50s, the later the rate decreases. By age 75, the frequency of the disease is equal in men and women.
High blood pressure People with a history of high blood pressure are three times more likely to have cardiovascular disease than men and six times more than women. When blood pressure is high, the risk of a heart attack increases. It is estimated that over 15 million patients with high blood pressure die each year from myocardial infarction.
Concentrated obesity Obesity is one of the main risk factors for the disease. The risk of coronary heart disease is higher if obesity is mainly in the abdomen. Obesity is often accompanied by many other risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance. Obese people are 40% more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than underweight people. According to the world's cardiologists, more than 19 million people who are obese die from heart attacks every year.
Diabetes Cardiovascular complications are the most common and dangerous complications of diabetes, causing a 50% increase in the risk of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in men, 99% in women. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is responsible for 65% of diabetes deaths. Statistics from cardiologists say that 2 out of every 5 people who have a heart attack will have diabetes. Vietnam has more than 70% of people with diabetes have a heart attack.
Dyslipidemia High cholesterol levels account for 56% of the cause of the disease, causing the death of about 4.4 million people every year. High cholesterol, increased risk of coronary heart disease and death
Smoking Compared to non-smokers, smokers have a 60% increased risk of developing coronary heart disease, an increase of 50 % of cardiovascular disease deaths. Up to 67.5% of patients had an infarction due to heavy smoking. Smoking causes increased levels of carbon monoxide in the blood, leading to destruction of coronary endothelial cells, increased platelet aggregation, and increased risk of thromboembolism. Nicotine contained in tobacco ingredients acts to accelerate the process of atherosclerosis formation.
Stress In addition, stress, physical inactivity, prolonged use of vitamins ... is also one of the causes of myocardial infarction.

Today, there are many effective methods of intervention for cardiovascular diseases, which can help open coronary arteries, restore blood flow, and save lives. These methods support patients to overcome symptoms, reduce disease, help prevent, prevent or minimize damage to the heart muscle. Timing of heart attack onset, with early intervention, these treatments can increase survival.
Cardiovascular intervention method brings the most obvious effect if we conduct it in the first hour when experiencing an infarction, after the first 6 hours, we will no longer get the desired effect. Every hour delay increases the rate of death will increase in part for the patient. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately go to the nearest hospital where there is a timely intervention support center.
It can be seen that the examination, screening and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases is very important, including urgent cardiovascular emergency measures. The method of fibrinolytic therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction at Vinmec International Hospital has a success rate of over 95%. Thrombolytic drugs are used for patients with myocardial infarction with indications under the guidance and close monitoring of cardiologists, experienced and modern equipment.