Does hepatitis C cause cirrhosis?

The article is consulted by Master, Doctor Nguyen Thi Nhat - Infectious Diseases - Department of Medical Examination & Internal Medicine - Vinmec Hai Phong International General Hospital.

Hepatitis C is caused by the hepatitis C virus, also known as the HCV virus. This is a condition in which the HCV virus invades and destroys the liver, causing impaired liver function.
At first, hepatitis C does not have obvious symptoms, only when the disease becomes serious, the patient will find out. It is also one of the reasons why hepatitis C becomes so dangerous.
Hepatitis C is a contagious disease. There are three routes of hepatitis C transmission: blood-to-blood transmission, sexual transmission, and mother-to-child transmission.
See also: Hepatitis C: Don't Ignore!

2.1. What is the function of the liver? Functions of the liver in the body include:
Chemical detoxification; Reserve sources of vitamins, iron, sugar and minerals for the body; Support food metabolism; Basic protein production; Producing coagulants. The liver has a very important role. When the HCV virus attacks the liver, the above functions will be affected and gradually decline. This greatly affects the body's activities, especially the reduced detoxification function, which will make the body unable to eliminate toxins, gradually accumulating and destroying other organs.
2.2. Complications of Hepatitis C Along with the hepatitis B virus, the hepatitis C virus can lead to very dangerous complications. After being infected with hepatitis C virus for about 15 - 50 days, only about 20% of patients have symptoms of acute infection such as: jaundice, yellow eyes, elevated liver enzymes. 80% of cases are asymptomatic. About 10-25% of acute hepatitis C virus infections resolve on their own. The remaining 75-90% can progress to chronic hepatitis C infection.
Among patients with chronic hepatitis C, about 10-20% of cases can develop cirrhosis. Hepatitis C complications into cirrhosis is one of the most common complications, followed by liver cancer and liver failure. These are all dangerous complications that can be fatal.

As mentioned, impaired liver function can cause the body to accumulate toxins, affecting other organs. Therefore, hepatitis C not only damages the liver but also damages organs such as: lungs, stomach, colon, digestive system, endocrine system, nervous system...
More dangerous is the condition. If you are infected with hepatitis C and hepatitis B at the same time, the rate of disease progression will be twice as fast. These two hepatitis viruses will interact with each other, causing the toxin to increase 2 times, the level of liver damage will also be doubled. People infected with hepatitis B and hepatitis C at the same time have a 70% risk of complications into liver cancer.

Although hepatitis C is a dangerous disease, the good news is that this disease can be cured if detected early and treated properly. However, the basis for determining the effectiveness of treatment depends on the body's resistance and immunity. People infected with hepatitis C can live from 20 to 30 years, but if the resistance is poor, long-term liver failure is not prevented in time, they can only live about 3-5 years. In case the patient has hepatitis C and hepatitis B at the same time, the survival time is only about 1-2 years, even a few months.

Hepatitis C virus has 6 main genotypes. Based on the genotype, the status of cirrhosis or without cirrhosis, the doctor will decide the treatment drug and the duration of treatment for the patient. The current preferred initial choice is the use of oral agents with a mean duration of 12 weeks for the majority of hepatitis C virus infections without cirrhosis or with compensated or decompensated cirrhosis but requiring combination therapy. Combination of 2 oral drugs, or 24 weeks in case of chronic hepatitis C with decompensated cirrhosis and no combination of 2 oral drugs at the same time, the success rate of hepatitis C cure is higher than the old regimen using injection drugs. Peg-IFN is expensive, has many side effects, and lasts up to 48 weeks.
In addition to treatment, patients also need to have a scientific and nutritious diet, limit alcohol, live and exercise reasonably to best support the treatment process and prevent treatment. prevent viral activity.