Identifying irritable bowel syndrome - distinguishing it from digestive diseases

The article is professionally consulted by Master, Doctor Vu Huy Binh - Department of Medical Examination & Internal Medicine - Vinmec Hai Phong International General Hospital.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common digestive disorder, with common manifestations of abdominal pain and bowel disorders, if not carefully and fully examined, irritable bowel syndrome may be misdiagnosed with other diseases. other gastrointestinal disorders such as enteritis, colitis....

Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal syndrome characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. Or showing symptoms in the colon, this syndrome is also known by many different terms such as spastic colon, nervous colon, and irritable colon.
Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic condition, causing patients to often face digestive disorders, greatly affecting the patient's psychology and quality of life.

The most important features of irritable bowel syndrome are: The manifestations of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal disorders and the absence of physical damage to the gastrointestinal system, this is a very important feature to distinguish distinguish irritable bowel syndrome from other gastrointestinal disorders with similar presentation.

So far, although the exact cause of irritable bowel syndrome has not been determined exactly, there are many factors that have been shown to be related to this syndrome such as: Diet, stimulants , psychological factors...
An overview of the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome includes a combination of the following three factors:
Changes in bowel motility or, more broadly, the response to peristalsis Incompatible smooth muscles of the colon and small intestine with normal digestive activity and with stimuli, this also affects the activity of other smooth muscles such as the urinary tract causing manifestations such as urination. peeing, peeing...

Increased visceral pain: Normally in the visceral system, especially in the intestine, there is a pain-sensing nervous system, in people with irritable bowel syndrome, this system is more sensitive to pain than with normal to varying degrees, and the degree of sensation is often more widespread than normal, this is the cause of diffuse abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Mental disorders have been reported to be associated with irritable bowel syndrome, patients with mental disorders have a higher rate of irritable bowel syndrome than others, especially depression and stress.

Irritable bowel syndrome is more common in women than men, women are 2-3 times more likely to have irritable bowel syndrome than men The age of irritable bowel syndrome is usually quite young, mainly in middle age Most patients have symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome before the age of 35

Two typical clinical manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome are abdominal pain and change in bowel habits
Abdominal pain: As analyzed above, abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome often has the following characteristic features:
Diffuse pain, no specific pain point, usually pain in the left lower abdomen, the location of the colon, pain usually starts after eating and usually gets better after the patient is able to defecate.
Chronic abdominal pain, often a dull ache, may be acute pain
Change in bowel habits Changes here include
Change in frequency of bowel movements: less in the form of constipation or increase in diarrhea Change in stool form and nature: Stools become more solid when constipated or looser when urinating, possibly mucus Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome may present with constipation or diarrhea, a combination of constipation and diarrhea, or alternating episodes of constipation and diarrhea.

Other manifestations: Such as bloating, belching, muscle pain or urination disorders, psychological disorders may occur, especially in people with persistent irritable bowel syndrome. Blood tests, diagnostic imaging tools such as colonoscopy, abdominal ultrasound, abdominal computed tomography, microbiological tests, fecal occultoscopy, etc., did not find any What abnormality this is the most important criterion for diagnosing irritable bowel syndrome Irritable bowel syndrome is therefore a diagnosis of exclusion and the role of clinical diagnosis is paramount, based on physical examination. A thorough and complete medical history should be taken to document the characteristic symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in addition to excluding other physical lesions.