Decoding common chest pain

The article was professionally consulted by Specialist Doctor II, Senior Doctor Doan Du Dat - Department of Medical Examination and Internal Medicine - Vinmec Ha Long International General Hospital.

Chest pain is a very common condition that affects everyone. Not only common in the elderly, chest pain also tends to gradually rejuvenate and come with many different signs such as: chest tightness, difficulty breathing, chest pain, nausea, angina on the left, right, in the chest. accompanied by a sharp pain in the heart.

Chest pain can be a sign of many different medical conditions. If it is a transient chest pain, it is only a small symptom of common diseases such as indigestion. However, if chest tightness occurs continuously, related to exertion, repeated with increasing intensity, then it is more likely to be a sign of particularly dangerous diseases. Chest pain due to many causes, usually due to the following main causes:
Chest pain due to cardiovascular disease. Chest pain due to pleurisy. Chest pain due to disease of the chest wall. In which, chest pain due to cardiovascular disease is the most life-threatening. Here are some common causes of chest pain.

1.1. Coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease is caused by plaque in the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow. The result is a lack of oxygen to the heart muscle cells, leading to angina with sharp pain in the heart. People with coronary artery disease often feel like their heart is constricted, the chest area is compressed and it is difficult to breathe, sometimes the left chest pain is intense. Especially when the patient expresses emotions such as anger, emotion, stress, or overexertion, the left chest pain becomes even more severe. A dangerous form of coronary heart disease, life-threatening to people is Myocardial Infarction
Most heart attacks occur when a blood vessel is suddenly blocked due to the obstruction of a thrombus, which stops blood flow. blood to the heart and cause permanent heart damage. At this time, the patient appeared to have severe, heavy left chest pain, the heart seemed to be strangled, accompanied by a feeling of fear and panic. Typically, chest pain from a heart attack can last for more than 15 minutes.

1.2. Aortic dissection

The aorta is the largest and most important artery in the body, serving as a bridge to supply blood to the organs of the body. Aortic dissection is when the endothelium of the aorta is torn, allowing blood to seep in, causing ischemia and rupture of the aorta. Chest pain, dizziness, shortness of breath, and even fainting are signs of this phenomenon. This is an extremely dangerous case, adversely affecting life, causing acute heart failure and the risk of death is very high.

Thus, chest pain can be a manifestation of many dangerous diseases. If you notice that you or a loved one has any of these signs or symptoms, do not hesitate, call 911 or seek medical attention immediately.

1.3. Diseases of the lungs and pleura

Such as pneumothorax (usually appearing suddenly and accompanied by shortness of breath), pleurisy, lung tumor,...

1.4. Chest trauma

Injuries that occur in the chest area often cause patients to have dull left or right chest pain, due to localized soft tissue damage in the chest muscle, chest wall, or ribs,... Caused by chest trauma, every time the patient moves the body, moves the chest muscles or even takes a deep breath, it also causes chest pain.

1.5. Some diseases related to the intercostal nerve

Chest pain is a manifestation of some diseases related to the intercostal nerves such as back disease.

1.6. Gastroesophageal reflux syndrome

2.1. Chest pain, difficulty breathing

As mentioned above, chest pain and shortness of breath can be a sign of coronary heart disease. However, in most cases, chest pain and shortness of breath are caused by fairly common conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux or temporary narrowing of the airways.
In addition, psychological factors are also the cause of chest tightness and shortness of breath, because prolonged anxiety, stress, and nervousness often affect breathing, making us short of breath, breathing irregularly, leading to shortness of breath. to lack of oxygen. The result is chest pain, shortness of breath and sharp pain in the chest area. Besides, "long-term" diseases, such as dyslipidemia, liver failure, kidney failure, diabetes are also the causes of chest pain and shortness of breath.

To limit this situation, you need to follow a healthy diet, avoid stress, balance work and control related diseases (if any).

2.2. Chest tightness, can't eat

Indigestion is the cause of bloating, gas, bloating (or fullness of water), feeling like vomiting right after eating. This condition may be accompanied by dizziness, lightheadedness, heartburn, heartburn, discomfort, dullness in the stomach area, burning of the esophagus (the tube connecting the throat to the stomach, helping to bring food from the stomach). mouth going down to the stomach) and feel a pain in the chest in the middle.
With symptoms of bloating, chest tightness and indigestion, you should give priority to choosing foods that are good for the digestive system, such as yogurt, bananas, papaya. Besides, avoid fast foods, "experts" that cause bloating and indigestion such as fried foods with a lot of fat, carbonated drinks,...

2.3. Chest pain and nausea

Nausea and chest pain is not a disease. Sometimes this is just a symptom of psychological problems, but in some cases, chest pain with nausea is warning you of the following relatively serious situations: :
Gastroesophageal reflux : Acid in the stomach back up into the esophagus, causing irritation to the nerve endings located in the esophageal epithelium, creating a sharp pain in the sternum. In addition, substances that are refluxed into the esophagus are not only gas and stomach acid, but also digested food, causing the patient to feel nausea and vomiting. Respiratory pathology: Symptoms of chest pain, nausea, difficulty breathing can also originate from a respiratory disorder or a respiratory infection. The affected respiratory system restricts the amount of oxygen entering the body, causing dizziness, angina, and nausea. Some respiratory disorders that can be the "culprit" of this condition are obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary edema,... Early stage of pregnancy: At this time, chest tightness and nausea may also be possible. called... morning sickness. Symptoms of morning sickness include: Nausea, chest tightness with fatigue, loss of appetite, difficulty eating, unusual appetite changes. This happens due to the sudden change in hormone levels in the body, causing a new pregnant woman to have a lot of physical and psychological changes, including symptoms: Chest pain and nausea.

You can prevent and limit chest pain with nausea in a number of ways, such as: living a healthy lifestyle, always thinking positively, eating right, limiting stimulants and quitting smoking. In addition, you should register for a periodical check-up every 6-12 months to understand your own health situation and detect diseases early.

2.4. Chest pain and cough

Cough is always an unpleasant thing for everyone, causing damage to the larynx, chest pain, and sharp pain in the chest area. Coughs and chest pain usually go away on their own in a few days or after taking medication. However, when chest pain occurs in the early morning, accompanied by a dry cough, a cough with phlegm that lasts for many weeks, and cough medicines, anti-inflammatory drugs do not work, then this may be Warning signs of lung cancer.
The cause of this malignancy is largely cigarette smoking. Because, when cigarette smoke is inhaled directly through the mouth, smokers have bypassed the first defense mechanism, the filtering process in the nose. From here, the smoke affects the structure of the mucous glands and changes the composition of the mucus. Furthermore, the glands that secrete mucus can become blocked, reducing the ability to excrete sputum. The consequence of this process is that the mucus is contaminated with a variety of toxic substances from cigarette smoke, and is retained in the lung tissues for many years, leading to lung cancer and the appearance of symptoms such as pain. chest and frequent cough.
Therefore, we need to be conscious in keeping the living environment green, clean, fresh air, not smoking or smoking completely. In addition, you should be treated for diseases related to bronchopulmonary (if any), such as bronchitis, tuberculosis,... Especially, for high-risk subjects (family history of the disease). cancer, the elderly, smoking, alcohol addiction,...), it is necessary to conduct regular check-ups and cancer screening for early detection and timely treatment.

2.5. Chest pain when eating and swallowing food

Frequent chest pain accompanied by a feeling of choking when eating or swallowing food could be a sign of esophageal cancer. This is also a malignancy due to the appearance of tumors in the lumen of the esophagus. Patients often have no specific symptoms, or only pain when swallowing, difficulty swallowing, and chest pain when eating.

Symptoms gradually appear as the disease becomes more severe. Patients often feel choking, tightness in the chest, can not or very difficult to swallow food, feel there is an obstruction in the throat, very uncomfortable. If the patient tries to swallow, they may suffocate, have severe chest pain, and even vomit. The initial symptoms are usually just choking on large, hard, hard foods, then choking on smaller and softer foods. When the disease is more advanced, liquid foods such as porridge also cause the patient to choke, even drinking water is difficult to swallow.
To prevent esophageal cancer and limit chest pain when eating, you should stop drinking and smoking, avoid using canned food, limit the use of foods or drinks that are too hot, and hard foods. because it can damage the esophagus. Besides, should eat lots of green vegetables and drink enough water every day. For patients who have ever had gastroesophageal reflux disease, it is recommended to follow the doctor's treatment and perform periodic follow-up examinations.

Chest pain is not uncommon for most people. So what should you do when you have chest pain? In case of severe or repeated chest pain, you should go to the medical center to be examined and diagnosed by a doctor, determine the cause of the disease, must be determined whether chest pain is caused by vascular disease. rim or not? , especially in elderly subjects, with co-morbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis or respiratory diseases.
After determining the exact cause of chest pain, the patient needs to follow the treatment according to the doctor's instructions. In case of heart-related angina (coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, aortic dissection) need to be very cautious, follow a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition as advised. of a specialist doctor.
It is best when having chest pain, you need to immediately stop working to rest, do not work hard, do not exert yourself. The exercise regime also contributes significantly to the treatment of chest pain. Patients should build a habit of exercising and moving their body daily with gentle movements, limiting heavy sports such as badminton, table tennis, weightlifting, ... because it can cause chest pain worsens.

Do not be subjective with the manifestation of transient angina associated with exertion. If you are diagnosed with coronary angina pectoris by your doctor, you will need to be regularly monitored by a cardiologist and be considered for coronary intervention.
Together with Vinmec protect you and your family against diseases related to chest pain.