Pre-diabetes: Can the situation be turned around?

Pre-diabetes occurs due to a disorder of glucose metabolism that causes the blood sugar index to rise. However, this condition is not diabetes. But the disease can progress to diabetes. However, patients can make changes to some activities related to diet, exercise and habits to improve the disease.

Pre-diabetes occurs when your blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough for your doctor to diagnose diabetes. This condition may be referred to as impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance.
People with type 2 diabetes almost always have pre-diabetes. But prediabetes usually doesn't cause symptoms. Treating prediabetes can prevent more serious health problems, including type 2 diabetes and problems related to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, and kidneys.

Insulin - hormone made by the pancreas that helps your body convert glucose into fuel. When you eat food, the carbohydrates in your food are converted into glucose, or blood sugar.
That glucose stays in the blood until the pancreas releases insulin. Insulin acts like a key that opens cells to allow glucose to enter, where it is used for energy in the body. Without insulin, or when insulin isn't working effectively, that glucose gets stuck in the blood and builds up, causing blood sugar to rise.
In type 2 diabetes, your pancreas can still produce insulin, but that insulin gradually becomes less effective at helping glucose get into your cells.
Pre-diabetes is a sign that your body is starting to stop using insulin most effectively. In other words, the body is starting to become resistant to insulin. When the body fights insulin, blood sugar levels rise, which is how the body develops prediabetes.
Symptoms of pre-diabetes are difficult to detect. If prediabetes is easy to spot, it won't be years before you're diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Usually, adults don't experience any symptoms or insulin resistance symptoms develop. slowly or so mildly that they may go unnoticed for years. However, sometimes there are warning signs. These include:
Increasing thirst Increasing feelings of hunger Fatigue Unexplained weight loss, and loss of weight control Frequent urination The final symptom of prediabetes occurs due to excess sugar in the blood. Blood causes your body to make more urine to get rid of glucose. The more you urinate, the more likely you are to become dehydrated, leading to a cycle of increased hunger and thirst signals.
Diabetes symptoms experienced by men can also cause sexual problems such as erectile dysfunction (ED) and decreased sex drive.

Pre-diabetes can use blood sugar measurement to diagnose the disease:
Standard blood sugar test. This process requires you to fast before the blood test, so your doctor can check your blood glucose level at any time. The fasting blood glucose level should be at 99 mg/dL or less. A glycemic index higher than 126 mg/dL indicates diabetes mellitus. A1C blood test. The A1C test, or hbA1c, is a non-fasting blood test that measures the average amount of glucose in your blood stream over a three-month period and is given as a percentage. The healthy rate is less than 5.7%. Results between 5.7 and 6.4% indicate pre-diabetes. If the reading is higher than 6.5%, it indicates diabetes. A person with prediabetes may not always have symptoms. Usually, a person with no symptoms will only be diagnosed with prediabetes if their GP gives them a blood sugar test or checks their hbA1C and finds the results atypical. For this reason, one of the most important things you can do is get a medical exam and blood test once a year.
Although most people don't show noticeable symptoms of pre-diabetes, if you're feeling tired, hungry, thirsty, and peeing frequently, it's better to be safe. . Make an appointment to have your blood sugar checked as soon as possible.

Prediabetes and treatment are the same as those aimed at preventing diabetes. These include activities like losing weight, exercising, eating a healthy diet, etc. to help control blood sugar levels. and maintain not to let this index go higher. So, how long does it take to cure prediabetes? When you do these activities, you can lower your blood sugar and reverse your pre-diabetes with lifestyle changes.
4.1. Weight Loss Weight may not require too much weight loss. If you lose just 7% of your body weight, that can make a huge difference. First you should use healthy food with fewer calories. Start by tracking your weight, eating habits, and physical activity. If you follow a low-carb diet, you don't need to count calories as long as you keep your carb intake. very low levels and eat a lot of protein, fat and low carb vegetables. If you're not seeing weight loss, you may want to track your daily calorie intake to see if that's a contributing factor. If you want to reduce the number of calories in your diet to lose weight, you can use a free online calculator to control your portion calories. You need to be aware that when you eat too few calories per day, it can be dangerous and ineffective for weight loss. Try to cut your daily calorie intake in a sustainable and healthy way based on your doctor's recommendations.

4.2. Healthy eating What should pre-diabetes eat? A good rule of thumb is to fill half your plate with non-starchy vegetables (asparagus, Brussels sprouts, and carrots, among others). One-quarter of the plate should be eaten using starchy foods (like potatoes, corn or peas). The rest of the diet should be protein - preferably chicken, fish or beans.
To do well in building a healthy diet, the patient needs to learn some more knowledge:
Nutrient density. When you're looking forward to learning about a healthy diet, your first thought may be about calories. While calorie content is important, your primary concern should be nutrients. Nutrient compounds, including proteins, carbs, fats, vitamins and minerals, are what your body needs to grow. “Nutrient density” will refer to the quality of nutrients in a food in relation to the amount of calories it provides. All foods contain calories, but the nutritional composition of these foods is not the same. Plus, some nutrient-dense foods, such as lots of fruits and vegetables, are low in calories, but many -- like nuts, full-fat yogurt, egg yolks, avocados and fatty fish -- have Calorie content contained in foods with high content.
If your food choices for a healthy diet are based solely on calories, you are missing the point of healthy eating. As a general rule, try to mainly eat foods that are high in nutrients like protein, fiber, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals. These foods include vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, beans, fatty fish, and eggs.
Diverse diet . Follow a diet that includes a variety of foods that help support the body's gut bacteria, which promotes a healthy body weight while helping protect against chronic disease. Furthermore, your main meals and snacks should be balanced between nutrients. In particular, the addition of protein and fat to high-fiber carb sources will make dishes more delicious and help keep you fuller for longer.

4.3. Exercise Exercise helps control prediabetes and type 2 diabetes with the aim of helping to lower blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity throughout the body by:
Absorbing excess glucose excess. The immediate benefit of exercise is to help lower blood sugar levels that are too high. Moreover, exercise will help the body activate the absorption of glucose from the blood into the working muscles and organs in the body. That's why experts agree that people with high blood sugar can benefit from walking after a meal. Build muscle. When you want to do blood sugar management, building muscle is always a consideration. After you eat, up to 70% to 80% of the glucose in the body goes to the muscles. The lower the body's muscle mass, the more it interferes with its ability to remove glucose from the blood. On the other hand, the more muscle the body maintains during aging, the more insulin receptors the body will have and the glucose levels will drop. 4.4. Ensure quality sleep Getting enough sleep helps keep your blood sugar at a healthy level. If you can't fall asleep, wake up too early, or sleep less than 5 hours a night, you're more likely to develop diabetes. About 7 or 8 hours of sleep per night is ideal. For a better night's sleep, don't drink alcohol or caffeine late in the day, maintain a regular bedtime, and keep a quiet, soothing bedtime routine.

4.5. Don't use tobacco If you smoke, then you break this habit to ensure your health. Smokers are 30% to 40% more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than non-smokers. And if you have diabetes and still smoke, your diabetes symptoms may get worse and your blood sugar may be harder to control.
4.6. Medication use Some medications can help improve or lower blood sugar and lipids, as well as high cholesterol, or help with high blood pressure. These diseases can be very common in people with pre-diabetes. If this is the case, take your medicine exactly as prescribed by your doctor - it can improve your health and help you live longer.

The most serious consequence of prediabetes is progression to type 2 diabetes. That's because type 2 diabetes can lead to:
High blood pressure High cholesterol Heart disease Stroke Kidney disease Nerve damage Vision-related problems, possibly even vision loss Amputations Pre-diabetes has been linked to undetected heart attacks and can damage your kidneys, even when your disease has not progressed to type 2 diabetes.

Healthy lifestyle choices can help you prevent prediabetes and its progression to type 2 diabetes. You can eat healthy foods; Get about 30 minutes a day at least 150 minutes of physical activity; Weight loss; Control blood pressure and cholesterol; practice a healthy lifestyle.
Vinmec International General Hospital always deploys a screening package for diabetes and dyslipidemia to help detect pre-diabetes early, accurately classify diabetes type, develop a nutritional regimen, according to the guidelines. Monitor to reduce the risk and complications caused by diabetes.

Reference source: webmd.com