Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Symptoms and treatment

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system made up of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve. This disorder causes destruction of the coating that surrounds and protects nerve fibers, disrupting the normal flow of messages (nerve impulses), causing decreased or lost body function. Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is the form of the disease that develops from relapsing multiple sclerosis. So what are the symptoms and treatments for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis?

Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, also known as secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), is a form of multiple sclerosis. This is the next stage of recurrent multiple sclerosis.
With secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, the symptoms are always in an exacerbation with no remission. This also means that even with good treatment, the disease tends to get worse. Treatments in this stage are often only used to slow down the process of forming defects in the body.
Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is the common stage of multiple sclerosis. In fact, most people with MS will develop secondary progressive MS at some point if not treated promptly. Recognizing the signs of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is very helpful in detecting the disease early. The earlier secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is detected, the more effective the treatment of symptoms and the better the ability to slow progression of the disease.

At some point, the symptoms of multiple sclerosis recur in patients with multiple sclerosis that do not go into remission, but worsen and recur suddenly, which is indicative of multiple sclerosis. Relapsing sclerosis has developed into secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. This stage usually occurs 10 to 15 years after the first symptoms of multiple sclerosis appear. However, secondary progressive multiple sclerosis can be completely contained or even prevented with early and effective treatments.
Symptoms of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis are similar to symptoms of multiple sclerosis in other stages, however they always tend to develop and worsen without showing improvement over time. time despite active treatment. In the early stages of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, the symptoms are obvious, but not severe, and interfere too much with daily activities. However, when multiple sclerosis recurs into the secondary progressive multiple sclerosis stage, the symptoms begin to become more severe and greatly affect the patient's daily life.
2.2. Treatment
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease that comes in many different forms and affects people in different ways. According to scientists, about 90% of people with multiple sclerosis may develop a relapsing stage of multiple sclerosis.
During the relapsing stage of multiple sclerosis, the first noticeable symptoms of MS include:
Numbness in the limbs or tingling Frequent urination, urinary incontinence Vision impairment Walking or difficulty moving often feeling excessively tired despite getting enough rest Symptoms of relapsing multiple sclerosis can come and go. Some people don't even have any symptoms for weeks or months, which is called remission. Symptoms of the disease will also flare up again soon after. In some cases, the disease can imply a number of new symptoms, hence the process known as relapsing multiple sclerosis.
Recurrence of symptoms usually lasts for several days to several weeks. These symptoms may also worsen at first but then improve over time without treatment. In general, the occurrence of recurrent multiple sclerosis is relatively difficult to track.
At some point, the symptoms of multiple sclerosis recur in patients with multiple sclerosis that do not go into remission, but get worse and come back suddenly, which is an indication that Relapsing multiple sclerosis has developed into secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. This stage usually occurs 10 to 15 years after the first symptoms of multiple sclerosis appear. However, secondary progressive multiple sclerosis can be completely contained or even prevented with early and effective treatments.
Symptoms of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis are similar to symptoms of multiple sclerosis in other stages, however they always tend to develop and worsen without showing improvement over time. time despite active treatment. In the early stages of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, the symptoms are obvious, but not severe, and interfere too much with daily activities. However, when multiple sclerosis recurs into the secondary progressive multiple sclerosis stage, the symptoms begin to become more severe and greatly affect the patient's daily life.
2.2. Treatment

Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is characterized by a persistent and progressive onset of disease symptoms. There are even periods of intense flare-ups of symptoms that make life difficult, especially during the summer when the weather is hot or while the person is under prolonged stress. .
Currently, there are many drugs being used to treat forms of multiple sclerosis including secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. If a person is taking these drugs to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, their doctor will continue to give them these drugs for secondary progressive MS until they are no longer pregnant. effective again.
Treatments for the disease have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Here are some drugs that have been shown to be effective in treating multiple sclerosis through clinical trials to reduce relapses, delay progression of disability, and limit activity.
Injections include:
Avonex (interferon beta-1a) Betaseron (interferon beta-1b) Copaxone (glatiramer acetate) Extavia (interferon beta-1b) Glatiramer Acetate Injection (glatiramer acetate -generic equivalent to Copaxone 20 mg and 40 doses) mg) Glatopa (glatiramer acetate - generic equivalent to Copaxone 20mg and 40mg doses) Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a) Rebif (interferon beta-1a) Oral medications include:
Aubagio (teriflunomide) Bafiertam (monomethyl fumarate) Gilenya (fingolimod) Mavenclad (cladribine) Mayzent (siponimod) Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) Quantity (diroimumel fumarate) Zeposia (ozanimod) The infusion includes:
Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) Novantrone (mitoxantrone) Ocrevus (ocrelizumab) Tysabri (natalizumab) Several treatments Other treatments that can relieve symptoms of the disease as well as improve quality of life include:

Physical therapy Occupational therapy Performing moderate-intensity exercise Rehabilitation Cognitive function Currently, scientists are conducting a number of clinical trials involving drugs and New treatment methods on volunteers to find the most effective treatment for multiple sclerosis in general and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis in particular. These clinical trials give researchers a clearer sense of the effectiveness and safety of the methods.
Research volunteers may be among the first to receive new treatments, but this also comes with some possible risks. Treatments may not be as effective as researchers want them to be, and in many cases even come with dangerous side effects. It is important to take risk precautions to keep volunteers safe and protect their personal information. Information from the American Multiple Sclerosis Association website lists clinical trials they are running, but the COVID-19 pandemic has somewhat delayed these studies.
One of the listed clinical trials is simvastatin, a drug that has been shown to slow the progression of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis and is being studied for its pain control effects. patients with multiple sclerosis. Another trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lipoic acid in maintaining mobility, mobility, and brain protection in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
There is also another clinical trial planned to be completed later this year involving nerve cells. The goal of the study was to test the safety and efficacy of a primary stem cell treatment in people with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
The most important thing in treating multiple sclerosis is controlling symptoms and minimizing disability in the patient. Early detection and treatment of recurrent MS can help prevent the occurrence of secondary progressive MS. Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis cannot be cured, so it should be detected as early as possible. Multiple sclerosis generally does not lead to death, and treatments can significantly improve quality of life.

Transfusion of autologous hematopoietic stem cells can alleviate autoimmune reactions and long-term relapses of the disease. At Vinmec International General Hospital, patients with multiple sclerosis have been treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Transfusion of autologous hematopoietic stem cells is an attempt to "reboot" the immune system, whose job it is to destroy damage to the brain and spinal cord in multiple sclerosis. For autologous stem cell infusion for multiple sclerosis, hematopoietic stem cells are taken from your body (autologous infusion) from your bone marrow or blood, selected and stored before being depleted. the immune system to the full extent of the chemical. The stored hematopoietic stem cells are then passed back to the body. The new stem cells travel down to the bone marrow and over time restore the immune system.

References: webmd.com, healthline.com, nationalmssociety.org