Things to know about peripheral vestibular disorders

Based on anatomical location, vestibular disorders are divided into two types, central vestibular disorders and peripheral vestibular disorders. In particular, peripheral vestibular disorders are very common, accounting for more than 90% of people with vestibular disorders.
The characteristic symptom of peripheral vestibular disorders is dizziness when changing positions. The patient has a feeling of being moved, everything around is spinning or the patient himself rotates compared to the surrounding objects. Peripheral vestibular disorder is a benign disease, in mild form, symptoms of dizziness are transient for a short time.

However, when the peripheral vestibular disorder is severe, the patient will experience severe and prolonged dizziness. The accompanying symptoms are usually:
Falling may occur with dizziness, at this time the patient may not be able to stand, not change position from lying down to sitting. Nausea, vomiting appear and persist Hearing loss with symptoms such as tinnitus, fullness, deafness May occur vasomotor disorders such as pale skin, sweating, decreased heart rate. On examination, symptoms of nystagmus were noted and the finger was pointed.

Peripheral vestibular disorders often occur when the inner ear or vestibular nerve is damaged, due to causes such as:
Chronic mastoiditis otitis labyrinthitis Trauma (fracture of the scapula) Uterine junction Cerebral angiomas (VIII) Meniere's disease: Disease caused by increased volume in the endolymphatic system due to decreased absorption or obstruction in the ducts. The three characteristic symptoms are dizziness, tinnitus and hearing loss. The disease usually occurs in the age group 30 to 50, men and women have the same incidence. Drinking alcohol or using drugs that cause vestibular damage such as: Aminoside antibiotics (especially streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin): using these antibiotics for 2-4 weeks can cause permanent damage to both labyrinthine sides. , irreversible hearing loss. These drugs are therefore only used for a short time and should be used with great care. Diuretics such as furosemide, ethacrynic acid can cause vestibular-cochlear disorders with symptoms of dizziness, tinnitus, and hearing loss. These disorders are usually reversible, but in some cases, when the drug is taken in high doses, it is not reversible. Quinine and salicylate drugs used in high doses can cause dizziness with tinnitus. Viral vestibular neuritis: viral diseases such as flu, shingles, chickenpox can cause vestibular neuritis complications. Vertigo can be a single episode or it can be recurrent, but always has a good prognosis because it does not affect the cochlea. Some other causes can also cause peripheral vestibular disorders: often living in a noisy environment, sudden weather changes, sedentary; stress, fatigue, prolonged pressure or degenerative cervical spondylosis interferes with blood vessel circulation in the basal vertebral system,..

The principles of treatment of peripheral vestibular disorders are:
Treatment of peripheral vestibular disorders depends on the cause of the disease The most important thing is to deal with acute and severe dizziness, which occurs to prevent accidents. accident for the patient. Patients need to lie down every time dizziness occurs, avoid strong light and use drugs in combination. The drugs commonly used to treat are:
Treatment of dizziness: Tanganil (Acetyl DL Leucin) oral or tablet form, the dose depends on the patient's condition. Treatment of vomiting: Metoclopramide intravenous or intramuscular. Drugs to improve cerebral circulation: Piracetam oral or slow intravenous injection 1-4g/day, can be mixed in ampoules into isotonic intravenous infusion if high doses are used. Neuroleptics: Diazepam 5mg x 1-2 tablets/day

To prevent peripheral vestibular disorders, should increase physical activity, practice sports regularly. Limit alcohol, tobacco and stimulants. Drink enough two liters of water every day to avoid dehydration. Stay positive, happy, avoid stress and anxiety.
For people with a history of peripheral vestibular disorders, they should avoid reading books while sitting in the car, do not turn their neck suddenly, and do not get up and down too quickly. When there are signs of vestibular disorders, patients should go to medical facilities for treatment under the guidance of doctors.
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