Levels of swine cholera, incubation period, ability to spread

The article was professionally consulted by Specialist Doctor I Huynh Kim Long - Emergency Resuscitation Doctor - Emergency Resuscitation Department - Vinmec Danang International Hospital

Swine fever manifests itself through different levels, people need to actively recognize the signs of the disease and how to prevent the disease to limit the spread of the disease.

The disease first originated in Africa and is an infectious disease caused by a virus. This virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae - a family of viruses with high resistance, so the ability to spread is very high, difficult to control the epidemic.
The disease can spread rapidly and occurs in all pig species, all ages of pigs and the mortality rate is almost 100% with infected pigs. The mortality rate of infected pigs is very high and in a short time, farmers cannot handle it, causing economic losses.

2.1. Transmission route The disease is transmitted through the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and through contact with broken skin, semen...
The disease is transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected objects such as: infected pigs, feces, urine, barns, means of transport, tools, utensils, clothing contaminated with the virus and food containing infected pork.
However, the disease is not contagious to humans, but humans are an agent that spreads the disease. Because the virus can stick to clothes and objects of people and then spread to healthy pigs through contact with personal belongings of people carrying the virus.
2.2 Swine Fever Virus Viability Swine Fever Virus is highly resistant, able to withstand low temperatures, in raw pork or at low temperatures the virus can survive for 3-6 months , in blood refrigerated for up to 6 years, spleen for 2-2.5 years...
Swine flu virus is killed at 56 degrees within 70 minutes, 60 degrees within 20 minutes and at 70 degrees C. They are sensitive. with disinfectants such as formol 2%, NAOH 3-4% and disinfectants for barns.
The resistance of swine fever virus is high and has the ability to survive for many years, so the disease has the ability to spread on a wide and prolonged scale, more difficult to control.

The disease manifests through many levels, including: acute form, acute form, subacute form and chronic form.
The usual incubation period of the forms is 5-7 days.
3.1 Hyper-acute form Rapid-onset, pigs die quickly, often without clinical symptoms, or pigs lie down and have a high fever before death. Thin skin such as parotid, inguinal area, abdomen appear red spots and gradually turn purple. 3.2 Acute form Pigs have a high fever of about 40.5 - 42 degrees Celsius. The first 2-3 days pigs do not eat, are lazy to exercise, exhausted, lie in piles, prefer to lie near water. Pigs move abnormally, slowly, some areas of the white skin turn red, especially the areas such as ears, tail, legs, the skin under the chest and abdomen may be blue-violet. Then, about a few days before death, the pig showed neurological symptoms, unsteady walking, shortness of breath, shortness of breath, cough, foamy blood in the nose, vomiting, diarrhea, sometimes bloody stools or possible constipation. Pigs die within 8-15 days or may last up to 20 days. Pregnant pigs can cause miscarriage, high mortality rate, almost 100%. If pigs recover from the disease or become asymptomatic, they will carry the virus for life and be a source of infection. 3.3 Subacute form Caused by a virus of moderate activity, presenting with no serious symptoms. Pigs with mild fever, or no fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, moodiness, pneumonia causing cough and difficulty breathing. Difficulty walking, arthritis, pregnant pigs can miscarry. Pigs die after about 15-45 days, the mortality rate in this form is about 30-70%. Pigs can recover from disease or become chronically infected. 3.4 Chronic form Symptoms may appear in pigs for 1 to 2 months and usually appear in piglets 2 to 3 months of age. Manifestations of digestive disorders: diarrhea when apples, when liquid, accompanied by cough and difficulty breathing. Thin areas of skin are peeled off in patches, the hemorrhagic spots change from red to purple. The mortality rate of pigs is lower than other types. After recovering from the disease, pigs still carry the virus and are the source of the disease. African swine fever is spreading rapidly, posing a significant threat to the livestock industry. Recognizing signs of disease to take measures to treat sick pigs and cages to help limit the spread of the disease more and more widely. The disease is very contagious, so it is necessary to apply the right preventive measures in a reasonable way.