Diet for burn patients

Burns are considered a common injury, the severity of the disease depends on the area and depth of the burn. Nutrition for burn patients plays a very important role in the patient's recovery process.

1. Relationship of diet with burn patients

Burns are an injury that often occurs in daily life. Depending on the severity of the disease, patients are treated with appropriate methods.
In the process of treating burns, in order to bring about the highest effectiveness, in addition to the initial treatment of resuscitation against shock and secondary infection, the nutrition regimen for burn patients also plays a very important role.
Nutrition for burn patients adequately and properly will support tissue regeneration, improve body health and resistance, and compensate for the intense metabolism in patients with severe burns. .

Hình ảnh bị bỏng ngực — Bệnh nhân bỏng cần một chế độ dinh dưỡng nhằm tái tạo mô, nâng cao thể trạng

2. Nutritional requirements for burn patients

The energy and nutritional requirements for burn patients depend on the burn stages as follows:

2.1 Stage of burn shock

Energy requirements: In the first 48 hours after a burn, some studies show that in patients with severe burns, the energy requirement is about 84 - 87 kcal/kg body weight/24 hours.
The formula for calculating the general energy requirement is: [(25 x body weight (kg) + (40 x % burn area)]], the average is about 2,100 - 2,300 kcal
Protein requirement (g): 70- 90 kcal (14 - 16% total energy) Lipid requirement: 35 - 50 kcal (15 - 20% total energy) Glucid requirement: 350 - 370 kcal.

2.2 Stage of toxicity, infection and burn deterioration

The energy requirement is about 60 - 65 kcal/kg/day, the average is about 2,900 - 3,000 kcal. Protein requirements: 120 - 140 kcal (16 - 20% of total energy). Lipid requirements: 50 - 60 kcal (15 - 20% of total energy). Glucid needs: 400 - 450 kcal. Water requirement is about 2-3 liters/day. The number of meals for the patient should be broken down into 7-8 meals a day.

Calo là gì — Giai đoạn nhiễm độc, nhiễm trùng và suy mòn bỏng, bệnh nhân cần bổ sung khoảng 2.900 - 3.000 kcal.

2.3 Recovery phase

In the recovery phase, the energy requirement to provide is about 3,300-3,500 kcal.
Protein needs: 170 - 180 kcal (20 - 25% of total energy). Lipid requirements: 100 - 110 kcal (20 - 30% of total energy). Demand for Glucid: 450 - 500 kcal. Water demand is still about 2-3 liters/day. The number of divided meals is less than in the previous period, about 6-7 meals/day. Especially in cases of minor burns, the diet can still be maintained as usual before the burn.

3. Nutritional notes for burn patients

3.1 What foods should be added?

In addition to the above basic needs, the diet for burn patients needs to supplement the following groups of nutrients to support the body's recovery and tissue regeneration process, help burns heal quickly and avoid leaving scar.

3.1.1 Protein (protein)

This nutrient has the effect of enhancing the ability to regenerate connective tissue, helping to fill wounds. Diet for burn patients that lack the necessary amount of protein will make the skin slow to heal and the possibility of scar formation is also higher.
To supplement adequate protein, the patient needs to use foods such as lean pork, lean beef, poultry, eggs, milk, fish... In addition to animal protein, plant-based protein also very beneficial for burn patients, protein is abundant in soybeans, nuts...

3.1.2 Vitamin A

Vitamin A is a very important vitamin in promoting wound healing, supporting the proliferation of new skin cells and preventing burn scars. Foods with abundant vitamin A content are dark green leafy vegetables such as watercress, spinach... or citrus fruits and dairy products.

3.1.3 Vitamin C

Besides vitamin A, vitamin C also supports effective burn healing. This vitamin is a component that helps synthesize collagen, fights oxidation, helps prevent scars, and heals burns quickly. In addition, vitamin C also has antibacterial ability, limiting secondary burn infection because it also participates in the production of white blood cells. Vitamin C is found in many fruits such as oranges, tangerines, sour fruits...

3.1.4 Zinc

Zinc is a mineral that helps strengthen the immune system and regenerate cells. Foods such as seafood, shrimp, crabs, snails, oysters, clams... are the richest sources of zinc.

Thực phẩm giàu kẽm — Thực phẩm bổ sung kẽm giúp tái tạo tế bào

3.2 Some foods should be avoided

Limit the use of confectionery, bacon because it causes loss of vitamins and minerals that the body is accumulating the process of wound healing and soft tissue regeneration. Limit or do not use stimulants such as alcohol, coffee... They do not bring any benefits but also affect the absorption of vitamins and minerals and cause water and electrolyte disturbances. Any questions that need to be answered by a specialist doctor as well as customers wishing to examine and treat burns at Vinmec International General Hospital, you can contact Vinmec Health System nationwide or register online HERE.

SEE MORE
First aid for burns in children First aid principles for burns First aid for electrical burns

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Bài viết này được viết cho người đọc tại Sài Gòn, Hà Nội, Hồ Chí Minh, Phú Quốc, Nha Trang, Hạ Long, Hải Phòng, Đà Nẵng.