Infectious neurological diseases in children

Posted by Doctor Vu Quoc Anh - Department of Pediatrics - Neonatology, Vinmec Danang International General Hospital

The nervous system includes the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (peripheral nerves and ganglia). The most common neurological diseases in children are encephalitis, meningitis, and focal infectious lesions.

1. Common neurological infections in children

Acute CNS infections include the following:
CNS infections may include:
Subarachnoid space (Meningitis); Brain parenchyma in the cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum, or brain stem (Encephalitis, generalized or focal).

Dấu hiệu cảnh báo viêm màng não ở trẻ sơ sinh — Viêm não là bệnh nhiễm trùng thần kinh trung ương thường gặp ở trẻ em

2. Causes of neurological infections in children

Due to common bacteria: Pneumococcal (Streptococcus pneumonia), Meningococcal (Neisseria Meningitidis), H. influenza type B, Enteric Gram-negative bacilli (E.coli), Group B Streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus. ..
Caused by viruses : Enterovirus, Herpes simplex virus type 2, Arbovirus, Eptein Barr virus, Varicella – Zoster virus...
Caused by fungi and parasites.

3. Symptoms of neurological infection in children

Fever; Impaired consciousness, confusion, somnolence or drowsiness; headache, nausea and vomiting; Local neurological signs: convulsions, abnormal movements; Abnormal behavior, agitation, personality changes; Disorders of body temperature regulation; For infants, signs such as: stop sucking, crying, crying, bulging fontanelle; Stiff neck, kernig and Brudzinski.

Trẻ bị nhiễm trùng thần kinh có dấu hiệu thần kinh cục bộ

4. Subclinical tests

CBC ; Inflammatory reactions: CRP, Procalcitonin, VSS; Blood biochemistry: liver and kidney function, blood sugar, electrolytes; Blood cultures; CT Scan of the brain or MRI of the brain; Cerebrospinal fluid puncture: cytology, biochemistry, Pandy reaction, CSF culture.

5. Treatment of neurological infections in children

Treatment principles:
Early detection and diagnosis of disease conditions; Treat respiratory failure, shock if any; Anti-brain edema: Head position 30 degrees high, limit fluid; Appropriate antibiotics: Sensitive to bacteria, good meningeal permeability, intravenous route; Timely handling of complications: convulsions, hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances. To register for examination and treatment at Vinmec International General Hospital, you can contact Vinmec Health System nationwide, or register online HERE

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