Causes of benign tumors of the larynx

Laryngeal papillomas are lesions of the larynx and trachea. This is a benign tumor of the larynx, caused by overproduction of squamous cells, forming small papillomas and developing into laryngeal nodules. The disease occurs in both adults and children with different clinical manifestations.

The origin of laryngeal papilloma is caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), the most common are strains 6 and 11. HPV can cause similar lesions in many other parts of the body such as: Vagina , uterus,...
Papilloma virus can be transmitted from person to person through intimate contact. However, not every person exposed to the virus will develop the disease, but also depends on the immune system of each person.
The following are some factors that increase the risk of laryngeal papillomatosis:
The disease is often found in children, due to the influence of the natural vaginal delivery process, which the mother is infected with HPV virus Dinh Poor nutrition Immunodeficiency Tobacco use. Laryngeal papillomas have the ability to recur many times, even if the laryngeal nodules have been completely removed before, caused by HPV virus always exists and can thrive out at any time. any.

Common symptoms are:
Hoarseness and difficulty breathing. The larger and rougher the papilloma, the more hoarse the patient's voice is, even loss of voice. The difficulty of breathing in the larynx is increasing, if not treated, it will lead to airway obstruction, the patient can die. Loss of voice when talking a lot or singing. A feeling of being stuck in the neck like a choke. Laryngeal papilloma will initially appear as a laryngeal nodule, then expand into many nodules and form a mass, which looks like a raspberry. The surface is rough, heavier, it may bleed.
In adults, laryngeal papillomas have the potential to become malignant, localized but less likely to cause airway obstruction. In children, the disease is less likely to become malignant but often develops very quickly, forming laryngeal nodules and causing airway obstruction, severe can spread to the trachea, bronchi, even lung parenchyma. and can lead to death.

Treatment methods for laryngeal papillomatosis include:
Medical treatment: Using drugs that act on the body's immune system or act on the HPV virus. Surgical treatment: Unsuccessful medical treatment due to large papilloma, suspected malignant papilloma, need to cut and send for histopathological examination. Laparoscopic surgery to remove laryngeal nodules under anesthesia is the best solution for patients. Based on endoscopic laryngoscopy on video review of mucosal waves. The surgeon decides to cut at any position to ensure no damage to the vocal cords, and the patient's voice will recover better after surgery. Flexible bronchoscopy under anesthesia can only be done in small papillomas, the patient does not have a reflex to vomit. Resection of laryngeal papillomas is the mainstay of treatment to help control the spread of papillomas. It should be remembered that recurrence of laryngeal papillomas is common even though papillomatosis was previously called radical.
Laryngeal papillomatosis is an uncommon disease that, although benign, can cause many different conditions. From the discomfort caused by hoarseness, coughing, choking... to dangerous problems such as airway obstruction or malignant degeneration. Therefore, when detecting symptoms, it is necessary to go to the doctor for the most appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
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