Hematopoietic and marrow stem cell transplantation in cancer - hematology

The article was written by Dr. Pham Thi Viet Huong - Doctor of Hematology - Oncology - Radiation Oncology Center - Vinmec Times City International Hospital

Blood and marrow stem cell transplantation in cancer is a progressive development of medicine. Currently, this method is gradually being widely applied in the treatment of many diseases to see good results in patients.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (referred to as stem cell transplant for short) is a treatment method widely applied in hematology and oncology. This method implements the process of transplanting hematopoietic stem cells taken from bone marrow or transplanted blood into the patient's body to treat hematological, immunological, genetic and some cancers. There are two methods of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: allogeneic and autologous.
Allogeneic stem cell transplant is the use of genetically compatible hematopoietic stem cells from a blood or non-blood donor An autologous stem cell transplant is using hematopoietic stem cells from a patient to return for the patient himself. The return of the patient's hematopoietic stem cells helps to shorten the period of bone marrow failure after chemotherapy in cancer. Or replace abnormal bone marrow with normal bone marrow in non-malignant hematologic disorders.

Cases indicated for stem cell transplantation include:

Acute myeloid leukemia Agranulocytic leukemia Acute lymphocytic leukemia Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Recurrent, persistent Hodgkin lymphoma. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) Hemophagocytic syndrome (HLH) Lymphocytic leukemia... Multiple myeloma Neuroblastoma Myeloblastoma (malignant tumor of the brain and/or spinal cord) Intracranial or extracranial germ cell tumors Other blood diseases Myelogenesis disorders, myelodysplasia, bone marrow failure.

Aplastic anemia Fanconi anemia Diamond Blackfan anemia Sickle cell Thalassemia major Immune deficiency syndrome (Chediak-Higashi disease, severe combined immune deficiency syndrome), some autoimmune disorders ... Wiskott - Aldrich. Metabolic defects in neonates: Mucopolysaccharidose disease...

The main advantage of this method is to avoid and shorten the time of bone marrow failure, helping patients to participate in strong chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens to destroy all cancer cells than conventional treatment. , reducing the risk of death from complications of infection, bleeding... thereby increasing the chance of recovery, increasing the rate and long-term survival time for patients.
The disadvantage of stem cell / marrow transplantation method is that this is a complicated technique, requires high accuracy, good expertise, performed in a modern medical facility with guaranteed equipment. The preparation for a stem cell transplant is very elaborate, with many tests, trying to find a suitable match if it is an allogeneic transplant, and persistent chemotherapy/radiotherapy before transplantation.
Currently, Vinmec International General Hospital has invested in methodical and intensive research in the field of stem cell application and achieved many successes. Most of the cases of stem cell transplant treatment, the health recovers well, the patient can live and exercise normally.
To achieve these achievements, the Oncology Department - Vinmec Times City International General Hospital has had outstanding advantages such as:
Experienced, highly specialized team of doctors, comprehensive professional cooperation with domestic and international hospitals: Singapore, Japan, USA, .. Patients treat and take care of patients comprehensively, multi-specialty coordination towards individualization of each patient. Full methods are available. Main treatment of cancer: surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, stem cell transplant, immune enhancement, palliative care, nutrition... All patients before treatment are approved by the council. expertise, with the participation of leading experts: Surgery, Internal Oncology, Pathology, Diagnostic Imaging, Radiotherapy... The treatment regimens comply with the clinical practice guidelines of Dr. international standards (updated regularly), as well as reference to local and regional oncology hospitals (treatment guidelines of the Ministry of Health of Vietnam). Medicines provided by the Department of Pharmacy always ensure the best quality. Thanks to the quality of service and good medical care, patients can be assured of the quality of examination at Vinmec.