Common diseases of the bladder

The article is professionally consulted by MSc Vo Thien Ngon - Urology Surgery Doctor, Vinmec International Hospital Da Nang.

The bladder is an organ that stores urine secreted by the kidneys before it is passed out of the body through the urethra. Among the diseases related to the urinary tract, bladder diseases appear quite a lot. With many different causes will lead to each disease in the bladder.
Common bladder problems include:

Cystitis is a urinary tract infection caused by bacteria in the bladder. In some cases, the condition can recur over a long period of time.
Common symptoms of a bladder infection are:
Blood or a foul odor in the urine; urinating more times a day than usual; urinating only a little at a time; Pain or burning sensation when urinating; Feeling the need to urinate all the time; Back pain on the sides or pain in the middle of the back; Daytime bed-wetting in children Common causes of cystitis include:
Bacterial infection: E. coli, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma Non-bacterial: Interstitial cystitis; Drugs: some drugs such as cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide Radiation therapy: especially pelvic radiation therapy; Using a urinary catheter; Chemicals: using feminine hygiene products in sprays or spermicide creams; Cystitis can be caused by a complication of another medical condition, such as diabetes, kidney stones, an enlarged prostate, or damage to the spinal cord.

Irritable cystitis is when the bladder muscles contract abnormally, causing frequent or urgent urination, urinary incontinence, and bladder infection with pathogenic microorganisms. It can affect both men and women and is more common in older women.
Causes of irritating cystitis include:
Poor personal hygiene especially for people with cystitis Contraction disorder by the central nervous system innervating the bladder With people elderly, especially women, obese, people who have had pelvic surgery, prostate surgery or diseases that damage the peripheral nerves (long-term diabetes), stroke, Parkinson's disease It is very easy to get irritable bladder. Irritable cystitis is the most characteristic manifestation of urinary urgency (urinary urgency), urgency, urinary incontinence (urgent urge to urinate immediately, difficult to control, if delayed, urine may leak out), small urine drops, difficulty urinating, even causing urinary retention. Urinating many times a day, especially at night, affects sleep and quality of life.

Overactive bladder is a condition in which the bladder contracts at the wrong time, often causing a sudden feeling of needing to urinate, the need to urinate immediately.
Overactive bladder syndrome is an urge to urinate, with or without urgency, often with frequency and nocturia... without a UTI or other obvious pathology.
Overactive bladder occurs for many reasons. These causes cause excessive bladder muscle contractions and loss of coordination between bladder muscles and urethral sphincters such as:
Neurological disorders in Parkinson's disease, stroke, fibromyalgia, spinal cord injury due to trauma, diabetes, etc. Abnormalities in the bladder such as tumors or bladder stones. Factors that interfere with bladder outflow, such as prostatic hyperplasia or treatment effects of the pelvic region. Drinking coffee or alcohol in excess. Symptoms of overactive bladder include: urgency to urinate, often with a sudden feeling of wanting to urinate, not being able to hold back urine and needing to urinate right away; urinating many times (more than 8 times) a day

Bladder cancer is cancer that occurs in the bladder, a hollow organ located in the lower abdomen that stores urine excreted by the kidneys. The cause of bladder cancer is still not completely clear, there are cases of bladder cancer with no known cause.
Bladder cancer is linked to smoking, radiation exposure, parasitic infections, chemical exposure.
The essence of bladder cancer is that the cells in the bladder are mutated. Normal cells will grow abnormally, out of control and form a tumor in the bladder.
Symptoms of bladder cancer are often difficult to recognize. However, there are signs that can help patients detect the disease early so that they can promptly go to a medical facility for examination as follows:
Fatigue, weight loss, loss of appetite Diarrhea is the most common sign. Periodic hematuria, gross hematuria, all over. Pain during urination Frequent urination, difficulty urinating, urinary incontinence, dark urine: these are the first symptoms that appear, due to bladder irritation or reduced volume. Symptoms of urinary tract infection, urinary tract obstruction due to tumor invasion or blood clot.