Recurrent retinal detachment

Retinal detachment is an acute condition that needs to be treated early to avoid prolonging the time the retina is treated, thereby leading to more serious conditions such as total retinal detachment, permanent vision loss in patients.

The eyeball is made up of 3 main components which are:
The layers of the eyeball: corneal layer - sclera, choroid (or uvea), retina; Transparent media: aqueous humor, vitreous, vitreous; Visual transmission. In which, the retina, also known as the neural membrane, is the innermost layer of the sheath of the eyeball, which receives light from the external environment and transmits it to the central nervous system to help us obtain images.

Retinal detachment describes an emergency situation when a neural retina at the back of the eye separates from the choroid that contains the blood vessels that supply it with nutrition and oxygen.
The detached retinal cells are not supplied with oxygen, the longer without treatment, the higher the risk of permanent vision loss.
There are 3 types of retinal detachment: serous, traction, and tear. In which traction and serous detachment were not related to retinal tear. The most common type of retinal detachment is the one with a tear.

3.1. Nearsighted people are at risk of retinal detachment, recurrent retinal detachment or retinal detachment in the other eye because their eyeball tends to protrude forward, causing the retinal layer to stretch, the retinal periphery The fascia thins, gradually degenerates and is easily torn. Therefore, patients with myopia above -6.00D should have regular eye exams to check the retina for signs of myopia degeneration so that it can be treated promptly by ophthalmoscopy at least once/ one year.
3.2 . People with diabetes The complications of diabetes on the eyes, especially the retina, make people with diabetes have a higher risk of retinal detachment than the general population. Therefore, patients need to control their blood sugar well and regularly go to the doctor to check for complications of diabetes.
3.3 . Aging The risk of retinal detachment is higher in patients over 60 than in younger patients. This is because in older people the vitreous becomes more heterogeneous, shrinks or liquefies and can detach from the surface of the retina (also known as posterior vitreous detachment). If not treated promptly, the fluid from the vitreous cavity will pass through the tears into the back of the retina, leading to total retinal detachment.
3.4. Injury to the eye Patients with a history of severe eye trauma, penetrating trauma to the eyeball can cause retinal detachment, total retinal detachment, and laceration and other damage to the eyeball and other components of the eye. . This condition can be detected early in the time a patient has eye damage and presents to a medical facility, however, recurrent retinal detachment can still occur once the patient's eyes have had a history. trauma and retinal detachment.
3.5 . Blood diseases Blood diseases can cause damage to the retina leading to retinal detachment, recurrent retinal detachment, or, more seriously, total retinal detachment. Severe anemia can cause retinal edema, discharge, cottony discharge,...
3.6. Congenital malformations Congenital malformations of the vitreous retina or severe congenital myopia can also cause retinal detachment with the same etiology as the preceding factors.
3.7 Cataract surgery Cataract surgery can increase the risk of retinal detachment to some extent, by about 2% if YAG laser encapsulation is performed.
In addition, family history of retinal detachment, or reticular degeneration, other inflammatory disorders of the eye,... can also cause retinal detachment, recurrent retinal detachment.

Patients with retinal detachment are usually painless.
Symptoms of retinal detachment that are progressive or foreshadowing retinal detachment include:
Sudden appearance of flies – small black spots passing across the field of vision Flashing of light in 1 or both eyes Blurry Eyes Peripheral vision on one side of the field gradually decreases Feeling like there is a blinding or gray area in the field of vision

Treatment methods for retinal detachment will be prescribed by the doctor after determining the condition and extent of retinal detachment such as: laser surgery (photocoagulation), retinal freezing, vitrectomy, Retinal pressure with air, scleral compression...
Retinal detachment, although usually localized, the tears can spread to the whole retina if not treated early, leading to total retinal detachment. Therefore, if there is any suspicion or there has been retinal detachment, an ophthalmologist should be consulted as soon as possible.

The success rate is 80 - 90% however some patients need two to more surgeries to complete the treatment. Whether the patient's vision condition recovers well depends on whether the retinal detachment passes through the macular area and the time until treatment, for retinal detachment the entire retinal layer including the macular area Almost completely separated from the uvea, the prognosis is quite poor. The longer the macular detachment time before surgery, the less likely it is to improve vision.
Regarding the possibility of recurrence of retinal detachment after surgery: the most common cause of surgical failure of retinal detachment is the development of proliferative vitreous disease, which accounts for 7% to 10% of cases. main repair. Early recurrence occurs within 6 weeks of initial surgery and later recurrence 6 weeks later. Inadequate treatment and proliferative vitreous disease (PVR) are the major causes of early relapse. Late recurrences are mainly due to vitreous traction, but the literature has few reports of these cases. In addition, patients with the risk factors outlined above were more likely than others to have recurrent retinal detachment or retinal detachment in the other eye.
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