What tests are needed to diagnose ovarian failure?

The article is professionally consulted by Master, Doctor Nguyen Thi Hong On - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Vinmec Phu Quoc International General Hospital.

Ovarian failure is one of the leading causes of infertility. In fact, there are many patients who are found to have ovarian failure when they go to the fertility clinic.

Early ovarian failure diagnosis should be based on the following criteria:
Women under 40 years old. There is an increased concentration of FSH > 30 - 40 IU/L, this limit depends on each laboratory. Women with irregular menstrual cycles will have signs of decreased fertility and when FSH measurement on day 3 of the menstrual cycle is > 10 - 15 IU/L and serum estradiol concentration at the same time ≥ ≥ 80pg/L.

FSH and estradiol levels should be tested on day 3 of the menstrual cycle to diagnose premature ovarian failure.
2.1. FSH Level Test FSH is a hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland in the brain. In women, the hormone FSH stimulates oocyte development, which is part of the monthly menstrual cycle.
For women under 40 years of age, an increase in FSH level on day 3 of the menstrual cycle > 30-40 IU/L will be diagnosed as premature ovarian failure. Why are high hormone levels a sign of ovarian failure?
In a normal woman, when measuring FSH on the 3rd day of the menstrual cycle will range from 4.7 to 21.5 IU/L. As women enter perimenopause, FSH levels will begin to tend to increase. The reason is that during this stage, a woman's ovaries become less responsive to the gonadotropic hormones FSH and LH. After menopause begins, FSH levels will always rise to 30 IU/L or more.

When the ovaries are less responsive to FSH, this hormone levels rise. Normally, this condition only appears in premenopausal women, menopause, ie after the age of 40. For women under the age of 40, whose FSH levels are elevated above 30-40 IU/L, it is due to premature ovarian failure.
2.2 Estradiol Test Estradiol is a form of the hormone estrogen it is produced by the ovaries, breasts, and adrenal glands. During the menstrual cycle, FSH stimulates the growth of immature ovarian follicles. When the follicle begins to develop, the oocyte releases estradiol, which in turn acts on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to increase the release of the hormones GnRH and LH to promote ovulation.

When a woman has premature ovarian failure, the ovaries do not respond to FSH stimulation so the follicles will not develop and do not release estradiol. Therefore, in patients with premature ovarian failure will have lower than normal blood levels of the hormone estradiol.
2.3. Chromosome testing In addition to the FSH and Estradiol tests, your doctor may order a chromosomal test to diagnose the cause of premature ovarian failure. Because some women have premature ovarian failure due to having only one X chromosome instead of two, or having another defective chromosome.
Tests to do to diagnose early ovarian failure are FSH and estradiol hormone tests. Specifically, FSH hormone will be abnormally high above 30 IU/L and estradiol hormone will decrease lower than normal. In addition, the patient may be given additional chromosomal testing to diagnose the cause of the disease.
Reproductive Support Center at Vinmec Times City International Hospital is built and applies a treatment process that combines comprehensive examination, combining both male and female obstetrics and gynecology to examine and treat pregnant women. Infertility, infertility including ovarian failure in women to give the optimal plan for each patient case.
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