Cancer medical terms you need to know

Cancer can appear in any part of the body, starting when cells grow out of control and invade normal cells. Below is a list of the terms and definitions of cancer that you need.

1. Abnormal growth

Abnormal growth is the excessive growth of cells in the body. Abnormal growths can be benign, noncancerous, or malignant, meaning cancerous cells are present. Abnormal growths can also be "precancerous" with the potential to become cancerous.

2. Support therapy

In addition to the main treatment to reduce the risk of cancer coming back, doctors recommend supportive therapy before the main treatment begins to increase the effectiveness of treatment.

3. Angioplasty Inhibitors

Cancer needs a blood supply to grow and spread. Angioplasty inhibitors stop new blood vessels from forming and carrying blood to the tumor. The drugs may not kill the tumor, but stop the cancer from moving to other parts of the body.

4. Antiemetics

Antiemetics help prevent or reduce feelings of nausea and vomiting, common side effects of some cancer treatments. Your doctor may prescribe a variety of medications, including medications that are taken by mouth just before or after treatment or by injections directly through a vein.

Thuốc chống nôn được chỉ định giúp giảm cảm giác buồn nôn khi điều trị ung thư

5. Biological therapy

A therapy that uses a product made from a living source, such as human or animal cells or microorganisms. Some therapies attack specific cancer cells. Others affect the immune system or ease some of the side effects of cancer. Biological therapies include immunotherapy, gene therapy, and some targeted treatments.

6. Biomarkers

Your doctor may order tests to look for certain substances in your blood, other body fluids, or tissues to look for biomarkers or tumor markers. Biomarkers are often made by cancer cells that help doctors find the best treatment.

7. Biopsy

Biopsy is the process of sampling tissue or cells for evaluation under a microscope. The doctor uses a needle (size depends on the part of the body to be biopsied) or a thin, flexible tube designed to hold special instruments.

8. Radiation therapy (Brachytherapy)

This type of radiation treatment is given inside or very close to the tumor. Your doctor will use tools such as needles, beads, or wires to get the radioactive material into place. Radiation therapy is also known as implantation or internal radiation therapy.

9. Cancer-causing agents

Is the type of agent that can increase the incidence of cancer. There are many types of cancer-causing agents such as smoke, ultraviolet rays. In addition to the carcinogen, the likelihood of getting cancer depends on many different things, including the duration of exposure as well as the body's genotype.

10. Chemotherapy

A therapy that kills or stops cancer cells from growing using a single powerful drug or a combination of drugs. Chemotherapy is given as an outpatient in a hospital or clinic. Chemotherapy is usually injected, or taken by mouth, or placed on the skin.

Hóa trị liệu là một trong các phương pháp được ứng dụng trong điều trị ung thư

11. Clinical Trials

Doctors use studies to collect data about how new drugs or treatments work in specific groups of people. Some tests look at how well a new diagnosis or test works. Studies can last several years and are well controlled.

12. Consolidation treatment

After treatment for primary leukemia or lymphoma is finished and tests do not show any cancer in the body, your doctor may recommend consolidation treatment to kill any cancer cells which messages still exist.

13. Cycle

The time between two rounds of chemotherapy. This is a period of rest for the body to recover.

14. "-ectomy"

Words ending in "-ectomy" refer to surgical removal of part or all of a body part. For example, in a mastectomy, the surgeon removes breast tissue. Ovarianectomy to remove one ovary. Nephrectomy removes one kidney. When treating cancer, a surgeon removes cancer cells along with some or all of the body parts.

15. Class

Grade is an image depicting the tumor under the microscope, helping to evaluate the growth and spread of the tumor to plan treatment. Low grade means the cells have changes that indicate they are growing slowly. High-grade tumors may spread more quickly. Different cancers have different classification systems.

16. Hormone therapy

Some cancers, like breast cancer or prostate cancer, need certain hormones to grow. This treatment blocks those hormones or changes the way it works in the body. This slows or stops the cancer from spreading, eases symptoms, or helps prevent the cancer from coming back. Hormone therapy is often used with other treatments. Used in the form of injections or pills.

17. Pictures

This term refers to a number of tests such as mammograms, which use x-rays to find breast cancer, CT, MRI, PET scans, and ultrasounds.

Một số xét nghiệm hình ảnh giúp bác sĩ đánh giá tình trạng ung thư của người bệnh

18. Infusion

Infusion of a single dose of chemotherapy can last for hours. The drug usually goes directly into a vein. The doctor places a flexible tube under the skin or an intravenous chamber under the skin to avoid repeated injections.

19. Lymphedema

Lymphedema is swelling in your arms or legs after your lymph nodes are damaged or removed as part of cancer treatment.

20. Cancer metastasis

Metastasis is the process by which cancer spreads from one part of the body to another. Cancer that starts in the lung can spread or metastasize to the liver, bones, or brain. Those cancer cells are like cells in the lung, unlike cancer cells that start in a new organ.

21. Monoclonal antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies bind to the surface of cancer cells or specific immune system cells so that the body does a better job of finding and stopping cancer. Monoclonal antibodies help radiation and chemotherapy treatments target cancer cells and avoid healthy ones.

22. Neutropenia (neutropenia)

A condition in which your body does not have enough white blood cells to fight infection. Neutropenia can be a side effect of cancer treatment.

23. Nervous diseases

This nerve problem causes tingling, numbness, weakness, or swelling, often starting in the limbs. Cancer treatment or the cancer itself is causing these problems.

24."-oma"

"-oma" means tumor or swelling. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or lining of organs. Sarcoma begins in connective tissue such as bone, fat, and blood vessels. Lymphoma and myeloma are cancers in the immune system. Glioblastoma is a tumor in the central nervous system.

25. Oncology

The branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Oncologists are called oncologists.

26. Palliative care

Palliative care brings together experts in different fields to help you manage the pain and symptoms and mental, emotional and spiritual effects of cancer. Palliative care begins as soon as you are diagnosed and continues throughout your treatment.

27. Protocol

Protocol is a blueprint for treatment based on guidelines that have been accepted by experts. Protocol can also refer to a clinical trial, outlining things like who is eligible, how data will be collected, and the goals of the study.

28. Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy is a method of using energy such as X-rays and gamma rays to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing. The doctor may insert a radioactive needle, seed, or wire inside near the cancer. Radiation therapy is the sole treatment or part of a treatment plan with other therapies.

Xạ trị có thể là nguyên nhân gây bệnh ung thư phổi — Xạ trị giúp bác sĩ điều trị bệnh ung thư cho người bệnh bằng cách dùng tia năng lượng

29. Remission

The symptoms of the cancer have disappeared and the tests are negative. That doesn't mean a cure because the cancer can remain in the body and recur.

30. Stage

Staging of cancer is based on:
Location and size of cancer Cell type Cancer metastasis Different cancers have different staging systems.

31. Tumors

Is an abnormal proliferation or swelling. Not all tumors in the body are cancerous.
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Reference source: webmd.com

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