Uses of Zyfrel

Zyfrel is a combination medicine used to treat moderate to severe pain that has not responded to conventional pain relief. To better understand the uses, dosage and notes when using Zyfrel, please read through the article below.

Zyfrel medicine contains the main ingredients Hydrocodone bitartrate and Acetaminophen, which is prepared in the form of an oral solution. Each 5ml contains Hydrocodone bitartrate 2.5mg and Acetaminophen 108mg.
Hydrocodone is a semi-synthetic Opioid analgesic with antitussive action. Most of these effects involve the central nervous system and smooth muscle action. The exact mechanism of action of hydrocodone and other opiates is unknown, but it is possible that its action is due to its relative selectivity for the mu-opioid (μ) receptor, although it May interact with other opioid receptors at higher doses. In addition to providing pain relief, these opioids can also cause drowsiness, mood and mental changes.
The analgesic effect of Acetaminophen or Paracetamol is thought to be related to blocking inflammatory mediators and thereby providing pain relief, but the specific mechanism has not been determined. Therapeutic doses of Acetaminophen have negligible effects on the cardiovascular or respiratory systems; however, in toxic doses can cause circulatory failure and cause rapid, shallow breathing. In addition, the drug is also used with antipyretic effect.

Indications: Zyfrel is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe pain of various etiologies, either unresponsive or poorly responsive to conventional analgesia.
Contraindications:
Zyfrel should not be used by patients with known hypersensitivity to Hydrocodone, Acetaminophen or any other excipients of this product. Patients with known hypersensitivity to other opioids may exhibit cross-sensitivity to hydrocodone. Deficiency of G6PD enzyme, the patient is anemic many times. Severe liver failure, alcoholism. Severe respiratory depression; acute bronchial asthma or severe asthma in unsupervised conditions or without resuscitation equipment; known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction, including paralytic ileus; Use with caution in people with traumatic brain injury.

How to use:
Zyfrel is taken orally, with or without food. When using, it is necessary to use the correct measuring device recommended to take the drug solution, do not use a spoon or estimate because it can be toxic or fatal overdose, especially children drink. Do not stop taking the medicine suddenly if you have been using it for several weeks, reduce the dose under the direction of your doctor. Dosage should be adjusted accordingly according to pain severity and patient response. Use the exact dose prescribed by your doctor and use extreme caution when measuring the dose. The following is the recommended dosage and can be referred to as follows:
For children weighing 12 to 15 kg (2 to 3 years): Use a measuring spoon equivalent to 3.75mL and the maximum daily dose is 22, 5mL. Take 4 to 6 hours apart if needed. For children weighing 16 to 22 kg (4 to 6 years): Use 5mL/time and up to a daily maximum of 30mL, spaced every 4 to 6 hours. For children weighing 23 to 31 kg (7 to 9 years): 7.5mL/time, spaced every 4 to 6 hours as needed and maximum daily dose of 45 mL. For children weighing 32 to 45 kg (10 to 14 years): 10mL/time, spaced every 4 to 6 hours as needed and maximum daily dose of 60mL. For people weighing more than 46kg (14 years to adults): Use 15mL/time, spaced every 4 to 6 hours if needed and the maximum daily dose is 90mL. After an overdose of Zyfrel, toxicity of the drug Hydrocodone or Acetaminophen may be encountered.
For Hydrocodone: Severe hydrocodone overdose is characterized by respiratory depression (decreased respiratory rate, Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern, cyanosis); excessive somnolence progressing to stupor or coma ; skeletal muscle tremors; cold and rough skin, sometimes slow heart rate and risk of hypotension. In severe overdose, pupillary dilation, respiratory arrest, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest and death may occur. For Acetaminophen Overdose: Acetaminophen overdose carries a dose-dependent risk of serious liver necrosis, which can be fatal, and this is also the most serious side effect. Renal tubular necrosis, hypoglycemic coma, and coagulation defects may also occur. Initial symptoms following a potentially toxic overdose may include nausea, vomiting, and general malaise. Prompt treatment is required within the first 72 hours. When using Zyfrel drug overdose or have symptoms suspected of overdose. The patient needs to be taken to a medical facility immediately for prompt treatment. Patients should be treated with timely supportive measures with antidotes to control the risk of death from overdose.

The most common side effects when taking Zyfrel are lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness, gastrointestinal disturbances, nausea and vomiting. These side effects of the drug can be alleviated if the patient is at rest.
Other possible side effects include:
Central Nervous System: Excessive drowsiness, mental lethargy, coma, impaired mental and physical functioning, frequent anxiety, fear, dysarthria, drug dependence, mood swings. Circulatory: Bradycardia, cardiac arrest, circulatory collapse, hypotension. Digestive system: Prolonged use of Zyfrel can cause constipation because opioids reduce intestinal motility. Genitourinary system: Ureteral muscle spasm, sphincter spasm, and urinary retention have also been reported with opiates. Respiratory depression due to Hydrocodone bitartrate may cause dose-related respiratory depression, by acting directly on the respiratory center; cause acute airway obstruction, respiratory arrest. Caution should be exercised in people at high risk such as people with respiratory diseases, the elderly, and children. Cases of hearing loss or permanent loss have been reported mainly in patients with chronic drug overdose. Adrenal insufficiency: Inform patients that Zyfrel may cause adrenal insufficiency, as Opioids suppress adrenal hormone secretion, a potentially life-threatening condition. Acute adrenal insufficiency may present with nonspecific symptoms and signs such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and low blood pressure. Patients should seek medical attention if they experience a range of these symptoms. Rash, itchy skin, soft bones. Serotonin syndrome: Cases of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition, have also been reported with concomitant use of opioids with serotonergic drugs. Anaphylaxis: Anaphylaxis is also a serious condition that has been reported with ingredients that contain Hydrocodone and Acetaminophen. Possible side effects of the drug such as potential effects of Acetaminophen: Allergic reactions, rash, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, severe allergic skin syndrome. You may also experience other side effects when taking this medicine, although the incidence of side effects varies from person to person. But it is necessary to take precautions and early detection to notify the doctor immediately.

Before taking Zyfrel you need to tell your doctor if you have any allergies and/or weakness, severe liver/kidney dysfunction, hypothyroidism, Addison's disease, prostate enlargement, urethral stricture, trauma. brain injury, history of alcoholism. Precautions should be taken to prevent adverse effects and the possibility of respiratory depression of the drug should be taken into account. Respiratory depression at high doses or in susceptible patients may occur because Hydrocodone may cause dose-related respiratory depression by direct action on the brain stem respiratory centre. Hydrocodone also affects the heart rate control center and can produce irregular breathing. Drug Abuse and Dependence: Mental dependence and tolerance may develop with repeated repetition of Opioids; When taking this product should be prescribed and used with caution, sometimes addiction and abuse can occur at recommended doses. Often mental dependence on the drug is not likely to develop with short-term use to treat severe or moderate pain. But special caution is still needed in former cannabis addicts. When used in patients with head trauma or increased intracranial pressure: An increased risk of respiratory depression and markedly increased aqueous pressure may be observed with head trauma, other intracranial injuries, or hypertension. pre-existing intracranial force. Furthermore, the use of opioids produces unusual reactions, which may obscure the clinical presentation of patients with head trauma. Zyfrel must not be used concurrently with other drugs that have the same active ingredient as either of the two main active ingredients. Take medication exactly as prescribed and only when absolutely necessary, because most side effects are dose-dependent. If you use it for a long time and want to stop the drug, you should follow the instructions exactly, not suddenly stop suddenly. Acetaminophen can be associated with acute liver failure, sometimes leading to liver transplantation or, more seriously, death if taken in high doses or repeated for a long time. The use of opioids may obscure the diagnosis or clinical course of patients with acute abdominal disease. During pregnancy: This medication should be used only when clearly needed because it can harm the unborn baby. Using this drug by a pregnant mother may cause her child to have symptoms of dependence on narcotic drugs, manifesting a withdrawal syndrome. When infants experience this symptom, aggressive treatment is needed to minimize withdrawal symptoms. This medicine passes into breast milk and may also have unwanted effects on a nursing infant. If you are breast-feeding, tell your doctor right away if your baby is unusually sleepy, has trouble feeding, or has trouble breathing. Do not drive or operate machinery without knowing the side effects of Zyfrel on the body.

When taking Zyfrel medicine may interact with other drugs such as:
Opioid drugs, antihistamines, antipsychotics, anti-anxiety drugs or other CNS depressants and Zyfrel can aggravate depression cold . When combination therapy is contemplated, the dose of one or both drugs should be reduced. Concomitant use of Zyfrel oral solution with inhibitors of CYP3A4, such as Macrolide antibiotics (Erythromycin, Azithromycin); The antifungal drugs Azole (Ketoconazole) and protease inhibitors (Ritonavir), can increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong the side effects of reactive opioids, causing respiratory depression and death. The use of MAO inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants with hydrocodone preparations may increase the side effects of antidepressants or increase the effects of hydrocodone. Do not use concurrently with substances that can cause addiction such as alcohol, codeine... because it increases the risk of organ damage in the body. Zyfrel pain reliever is prescribed only and used for moderate to severe pain that has not responded to other medications. Do not use this medication on your own or change the dose without your doctor's approval.