What is the difference between UVA and UVB rays?

The article was professionally consulted by Specialist Doctor I Le Thi Thu Hang - Dermatologist - Department of Medical Examination & Internal Medicine, Vinmec Hai Phong International General Hospital

There are different types of rays present in sunlight. The rays that do the most damage to our skin are called ultraviolet (UV) rays. There are two basic types of ultraviolet rays that reach the earth's surface, UVB and UVA.

UVA rays, also known as long-wavelength light rays, account for about 95% of the UV rays that reach the skin. While both UVA and UVB are harmful to the skin, UVA rays pose more of a threat because most of them reach the ground. This type of rays appears throughout the day, all year round, regardless of whether it is cloudy or sunny. If you see daylight at any time, UVA rays are present.
UVA light has wavelengths from 320 nm to 400 nm. There are two types of UVA rays: UVA1 and UVA2. UVA1 light is in the 340 FPV400nm range. UVA2 light is in the 320–340 nm range.
These wavelength differences are important because each sunscreen product usually has a different number of active ingredients, protecting the skin against different wavelength spectrums. But some activators (like zinc oxide and depending on how it's formulated, titanium dioxide) provide protection across the entire UVA spectrum. Regardless of the combination of active ingredients, if a sunscreen is labeled broad spectrum then it has been tested and proven to protect against a whole range of different types of UVA rays.

UVB light has wavelengths from 290nm to 320nm, a much smaller range than UVA light. Although not penetrating the skin like UVA rays, UVB rays are very powerful. It is directly related to sunburn and other visible changes to the skin's surface, including discoloration. UVB radiation also plays a role in skin cancer.
Just like UVA light, UVB light is also present year-round, but UVB is more common in sunny climates than in less sunny climates. UVB light (and UVA light) is reflected from sand, water, and snow (80% of UVB rays reflect from snow).
UVB damage depends on altitude. The higher up you are, the more likely you are to cause harm, which is why skiers and mountaineers need sunscreen. The same is true for UVA light, with the difference that UVB intensity is higher when it is at its strongest.
The SPF of a sunscreen is related to protection from UVB rays. To ensure adequate protection from UVA as well as from UVB, look for sunscreens with broad spectrum labels, which means they have been tested and licensed.

Level of damage: UVA rays are considered silent killers because unlike UVB rays, you don't feel the effects of UVA rays that damage your skin. UVA rays are what cause tanning and you can't feel it unless you get a burn because tanning isn't painful, but those unhealthy UVA rays penetrate deep into the skin, causing havoc everywhere. layer of skin. Meanwhile, UVB rays in contact with the skin cause obvious manifestations such as sunburn, skin discoloration that the body can perceive. Ability to penetrate the skin: UVA rays penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB rays, gradually destroying important substances in the skin, losing firmness and elasticity. UVA rays are a leading cause of wrinkles and the cause, or major contributor to, of all types of skin cancer. Ability to penetrate glass: UVA rays penetrate glass, while UVB rays do not. Unless the windows you work in or the windows in your car are specially treated to filter out UVA radiation, your skin is still exposed to UVA rays through the glass. This makes sunscreen an absolute necessity. Subject to Geographic Variation: The intensity of UVB rays varies to a much greater extent based on geographic location, time of day, and season. In the northern hemisphere, UVB rays are strongest between April and October, appearing much during the day with peak intensity between 10:00 am and 4:00 pm. Whereas UVA rays appear at all times of the day, most UVA rays reach the ground.

Cover up: Wear clothing that blocks the sun's rays. Try this test by: placing your hand between a layer of clothing and a light source. If you can see your hands through your clothing then the clothing you are wearing offers little protection. Use sunscreen: The sun protection factor (SPF) is effective against about 93% of UV rays. If you want to block both UVA and UVB rays to protect against skin cancer. Be sure to follow the directions for use on the bottle. Wear a hat: A wide-brimmed hat is ideal as it protects the neck, ears, eyes, forehead, nose, and scalp. Use UV-absorbing products: Sunglasses don't have to be expensive, but they can block 99-100 percent of UVA and UVB radiation. Limit exposure: UV rays are strongest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. If you're unsure of the sun's intensity, do the shadow test: if your shadow is shorter than yours, the sun's rays are strongest during the day.