Acetalvic Codeine 30 is an over-the-counter medication used in the treatment of various medical conditions. This article aims to elucidate what Acetalvic Codeine 30 is and how it should be utilized.
1. What is Acetalvic Codeine 30?
Acetalvic Codeine 30 is an analgesic and antipyretic medication. It is formulated in tablet form, with each tablet containing the following active ingredients:
• Paracetamol: 500 mg.
• Codeine Phosphate: 30 mg.
Paracetamol, a non-steroidal analgesic and antipyretic, is the active metabolite of phenacetin. It is an effective analgesic and antipyretic that serves as an alternative to aspirin. However, unlike aspirin, paracetamol lacks anti-inflammatory properties. When administered in equivalent doses, paracetamol provides analgesic and antipyretic effects comparable to those of aspirin.
At therapeutic dosages, paracetamol exerts minimal effects on cardiovascular and respiratory systems, does not alter acid-base balance, and does not cause gastric irritation, ulceration, or bleeding as salicylates do. By not affecting systemic cyclooxygenase activity, paracetamol acts primarily on central nervous system cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin pathways. It does not influence platelet function or bleeding time as aspirin does.
Codeine is an analgesic that also possesses sedative and antitussive properties. Codeine is derived from morphine with a methyl substitution at the hydroxyl group of the aromatic ring. Consequently, codeine effectively alleviates pain and suppresses coughing.
Notably, codeine is absorbed more efficiently via the oral route, resulting in reduced constipation and lower risk of biliary spasm compared to morphine. At therapeutic doses, codeine induces fewer biliary spasms and has a lower potential for addiction relative to morphine.
Codeine provides analgesic effects for mild to moderate pain, and roughly 10% of an administered codeine dose is metabolized into morphine. Chronic use may lead to significant constipation; thus, it is advisable to co-administer codeine with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to enhance analgesic efficacy and mitigate constipation.
Codeine's antitussive effect is due to its action on the cough center located in the medulla oblongata; it also reduces airway secretions and increases the viscosity of bronchial secretions. Nevertheless, codeine is generally insufficient for managing severe coughs. It is commonly indicated for the management of dry coughs that disrupts sleep.
Moreover, codeine helps diminish intestinal motility, making it particularly effective in treating diarrhea associated with neurological conditions or diabetes. However, it is contraindicated in cases of acute diarrhea and diarrhea induced by infections.
Acetalvic Codeine 30 is indicated for the following conditions:
• Headache.
• Dental pain.
• Muscle pain.
• Menstrual pain.
• Pain resulting from trauma or surgical procedures.
• Pain associated with arthritis.
• As an adjunct in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and arthritic conditions.
• Antipyretic use in febrile conditions.
Acetalvic Codeine 30 is contraindicated in the following instances:
• Individuals with hypersensitivity to any component of the medication.
• Children under 14 years of age.
• Hepatic impairment.
• Respiratory compromise.
Caution should be exercised when using Acetalvic Codeine 30 in the following circumstances:
When administered concurrently with sedatives in patients with a history of traumatic brain injury, cerebral lesions, or elevated intracranial pressure.
• Elderly patients.
• Individuals in a state of debilitation.
• Renal insufficiency.
• Hypothyroidism.
• Addison's disease.
• Prostate hypertrophy or urinary tract obstruction.
• Pregnant and lactating women.
• While operating vehicles or machinery.
2. Dosage and Administration of Acetalvic Codeine 30
Acetalvic Codeine 30 is intended for oral use; it should be taken with a full glass of water. Dosage should be in accordance with a physician's recommendations, with the following dosage guidelines for specific populations:
• Adults and children over 14 years: 1-2 tablets per dose, administered 3-4 times daily.
• Do not exceed 8 tablets within a 24-hour period.
• For individuals with severe renal impairment, the interval between doses should be at least 8 hours.
3. Adverse Effects of Acetalvic Codeine 30
While using Acetalvic Codeine 30, patients may experience adverse effects, including:
• Dizziness.
• Shallow breathing.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Skin allergies.
• Urticaria.
• Bronchospasm.
• Abdominal pain.
• Gastrointestinal disturbances.
• Itching.
• Drowsiness.
• Respiratory depression.
If any adverse effects occur while using Acetalvic Codeine 30, patients should promptly notify their healthcare provider or seek immediate medical attention.
4. Interaction of Acetalvic Codeine 30 with Other Medications
Acetalvic Codeine 30 may exhibit interactions when administered concurrently with the following medications:
• Other central nervous system depressants.
• Cholinergic antagonists.
• Alcohol.
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