Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality, affecting approximately 1.72% of the global population, resulting in 9 million deaths per year (1). [NTT(V1] Asia bore the brunt of coronary artery disease in 2019, with a shocking 58% of the world's 18.6 million deaths concentrated in the region. (2[NTT(V2] ). In addition, health expenditure for coronary artery disease is fast rising, for example, the costs incurred increased by 50% over the last 5 years.

The prevalence of heart failure in the Southeast Asia region is significantly higher than the rest of the world (4.5–6.7% compared to 0.5–2%) [1]. In the case of cardiac hospitals in Vietnam, heart failure patients account for 15% of total admissions, with a readmission rate within 30 days after discharge rising up to 7% [2].