What is Acefalgan?

Acefalgan is a product of Euvipharm Pharmaceuticals; the main ingredient is acetaminophen; It is used to reduce fever and relieve mild to moderate pain. On the market today, there is a lot of information about Acefalgan drug products, but it is still incomplete. To better understand what Acefalgan is and what its uses are, let's learn more in the article below.

Acefalgan has the main ingredient Paracetamol, which belongs to the group of analgesics, antipyretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), drugs for the treatment of gout and osteoarthritis. The drug is a product of Euvipharm Pharmaceutical Joint Stock Company - a member of Valeant Group circulated in Vietnam, the drug is prepared in the form of:
Effervescent powder with content 150mg, 250mg Effervescent tablet form with content of 500 mg Film-coated tablets 500 mg. The drug is indicated for the treatment of many diseases such as headache, back pain, toothache, muscle pain, menstrual pain, pain after vaccination, pain after tooth extraction, colds, fever, rheumatoid arthritis, .. Pain relievers in mild arthritis but have no effect on severe inflammation and underlying swelling of the joint.
Pharmacodynamics of the drug Acefalgan: Acetaminophen is an effective pain reliever - antipyretic. Drugs acting on thermoregulatory centers in the hypothalamus cause hypothermia, hyperthermia due to vasodilation, and increased peripheral blood flow, reducing body temperature in febrile individuals, but rarely lowering normal body temperature.
Acetaminophen is not effective in treating inflammation.
At therapeutic doses, acetaminophen is metabolized primarily by conjugation of sulfate and glucuronide. Small amounts are normally converted to a toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinonimin (NAPQI). NAPQI is detoxified with glutathione and excreted in the urine and/or bile.
When the metabolite is not conjugated with glutathione, hepatocellular toxicity and cell necrosis. Acetaminophen is generally safe when taken in therapeutic doses, because relatively small amounts of NAPQI are formed and enough glutathione is formed in hepatocytes to conjugate NAPQI. However, when overdosed or sometimes at doses normally used in susceptible individuals (eg, malnutrition, drug interactions, alcoholism, genetic predisposition), concentrations of NAPQI can accumulate to cause hepatotoxicity.
Pharmacokinetics of the drug Acefalgan Absorption: Acetaminophen when taken orally is rapidly and completely absorbed. Peak plasma concentrations are reached about 10-60 minutes after oral administration.
Distribution: Rapidly and evenly in most body tissues, approximately 25% of acetaminophen in the blood is bound to plasma proteins.
Metabolism: Acetaminophen is metabolized mainly in the liver by two main pathways in the liver: Conjugation with glucuronic acid and conjugation with sulfuric acid; Conjugation with sulfuric acid rapidly saturates at higher doses but remains within the therapeutic dose range.
Saturation of glucuronidation occurs only at higher doses, causing hepatotoxicity.
A small fraction (less than 4%) is metabolized by cytochrome P450 to a highly reactive intermediate (N-acetyl benzoquinoneimin), which under normal conditions of use is detoxified by Glutathione and is excreted in the urine after conjugation with cysteine ​​and mercapturic acid. However, when poisoning with high doses of acetaminophen, the amount of this toxic metabolite increases.
Elimination: The metabolites of acetaminophen are mainly excreted in the urine; in adults, about 90% of a dose is excreted in 24 hours, mainly as glucuronide conjugates (about 60%) and conjugates. sulfate (about 30%). Less than 5% is excreted unchanged.
The plasma half-life is about 2 hours.

Paracetamol is used to relieve pain. Experts aren't sure exactly how paracetamol works, but suspect it may activate descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways in the CNS and other nociceptive pathways (sensory pain described). pain caused by physical or potential damage to the body, such as from a sports injury or dental procedure). Inhibition of the thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus gives paracetamol its antipyretic effect.
2.1. Allergic reactions to paracetamol : Manifestations of allergic reactions such as: urticaria; shortness of breath; swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using this medicine and call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:
Low fever with nausea, stomach pain and loss of appetite; Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), dark urine and/or clay-colored stools; Other common medications that can have a moderate interaction with paracetamol include:
Anticonvulsants, such as fosphenytoin or phenytoin Sedatives Busulfex Drugs Carbamazepine Drugs Dapsone Drugs Flucloxacillin Drugs Isoniazid Drugs Lamotrigine Phenylephrine Drugs Probenecid Drugs Probenecid Drugs Warfarin. Alcohol should not be used when using the active ingredient paracetamol because alcohol can increase the liver toxicity of paracetamol
Note when using Acefalgan: Do not use more of this medicine than recommended. An overdose of paracetamol can cause serious harm. The maximum adult intake is 1 gram (1000mg) per dose and 4 grams (4000 mg) per day. Excessive use of paracetamol can harm your liver. Talk to your doctor before taking paracetamol and never use more than 2 grams (2000mg) per day If you drink more than three alcoholic beverages per day. Use the pediatric form of paracetamol If you are treating a child,. Carefully follow the dosing instructions on the medication label. Keep out of reach of children and do not give this medicine to children under 2 years of age without the advice of a doctor.
Stop taking paracetamol immediately and call your doctor if:
You have a skin rash, persistent headache, or redness or swelling; or You still have a fever after 3 days of use; You still have pain after 7 days of using the medicine (or 5 days if treating children); If you have any new symptoms or if your symptoms get worse. Talk to your doctor if you have diabetes and you notice changes in your sugar during treatment. Urine glucose tests may produce false results while you are taking paracetamol.
You should use the drug with caution in the following cases: Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS): is a syndrome of drug allergy in bullous form, blisters are localized around natural cavities: eyes, nose, mouth, ears, genitals and anus. In addition, the disease may be accompanied by high fever, pneumonia, liver and kidney dysfunction. To diagnose Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS) when at least 2 natural niches are involved. Toxic necrosis syndrome (TEN): It is the most severe form of drug allergy, including: + A variety of skin lesions: measles-like rash, scarlet fever, erythema or bullous blisters The lesions quickly spread throughout the body. + Injuries to the eye mucosa: purulent conjunctivitis, keratitis, corneal ulcer. + Gastrointestinal mucosal lesions are manifested as: stomatitis, oral mucosal erosion, pharyngeal ulcers, pharynx, esophagus, stomach and intestines. Injuries to the mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract and urinary tract. + In addition, there are serious systemic symptoms of the drug such as fever, gastrointestinal bleeding, pneumonia, glomerulonephritis, hepatitis... with a high mortality rate of about 15-30%. You have chronic anemia. Have liver and kidney diseases. When addicted to alcohol (because paracetamol and alcohol are both harmful to the liver). Use in combination with other preparations also containing paracetamol can cause overdose or drug poisoning. For signs of serious skin reactions (though very rare), the doctor should warn the patient such as: Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis syndrome (SJS) AGEP) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), lyell's syndrome,. The symptoms of the above syndromes are described as follows:. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis syndrome presents as small sterile pustules arising on a background of widespread erythema. Usually includes systemic symptoms, usually fever, elevated neutrophil blood tests. Lesions usually appear in folds such as armpits, groin and face, then can spread to the whole body. Patients should stop using the drug at the first signs of skin rash or any other signs of hypersensitivity reactions. Do not take the medicine again and when going to the doctor, it is necessary to inform the medical staff for those who have ever had serious skin reactions caused by paracetamol and especially for pregnant women and women. Breastfeeding. Human and animal studies have not identified any risk to pregnancy or embryonic development. Human studies have also revealed no risk of paracetamol to nursing mothers and infants. breastfeeding. Paracetamol crosses the placental barrier and is excreted in breast milk. As with other medicines, if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, you should consult your doctor or pharmacist before using this medicine. The effect of the drug on the ability to drive and use machines is not significantly affected.

To use the medicine effectively, for paracetamol effervescent granules, dissolve one sachet of effervescent granules in at least 100ml of water. Then, stir this mixture well and drink them all at once. Add a little water to the same glass, shake it gently and drink it right away to be sure to finish the dose.
Usual Adult Paracetamol Dose for Fever: Dosage: 325mg to 650mg every 4 to 6 hours or 1000mg every 6 to 8 hours orally or rectally. 500mg paracetamol tablets: take two 500mg tablets every 4 to 6 hours
Usual Adult Paracetamol dose for pain relief: Dosage: 325mg to 650mg every 4 to 6 hours or 1000mg every 6 to 8 hours orally or directly colon. 500mg paracetamol tablets: Take two 500mg tablets 4 to 6 hours apart
Use usual dose for children with fever: Use Oral or Rectal: For children <= 1 month: 10 to 15 mg/kg/ dose every 6 to 8 hours as needed. for children > 1 month to 12 years: 10 to 15 mg/kg/dose every 4 to 6 hours as needed (Maximum: 5 doses in 24 hours) with fever: children 4 months to 9 years: Initial dose Initial: 30 mg/kg (Report of one study (n = 121) to reduce fever more effectively than a maintenance dose of 15 mg/kg with no difference in clinical tolerability.) For children > = 12 years: 325 to 650 mg every 4 to 6 hours or 1000mg every 6 to 8 hours.
Use usual pediatric dose for pain relief: Oral or Rectal use:
For children <= 1 month: 10 to 15 mg/kg/dose every 6 to 8 hours as needed. For children > 1 month to 12 years: 10 to 15 mg/kg/dose every 4 to 6 hours as needed (Maximum: 5 doses in 24 hours) With fever: 4 months to 9 years: Initial dose: 30 mg/kg (Report of one study (n = 121) for more effective antipyretic use of 15 mg/kg maintenance dose with no difference in clinical tolerability.) For children > = 12 years: 325 mg to 650 mg every 4 to 6 hours or 1000 mg every 6 to 8 hours.

Clinical symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes, usually occurring within 2-3 hours after taking a toxic dose of the drug, appearing in the first 24 hours.
Overdosage of 10g (150 mg/kg body weight in children) can cause hepatocellular destruction, which can lead to complete and irreversible necrosis, with impaired liver function, encephalopathy that can lead to coma. fall asleep and die. Liver transaminase increased, bilirubin increased, prothrombin decreased.
Emergency treatment in the hospital:
Wash the intestines and give activated charcoal. Administer N-acetylcysteine, the antidote to acetaminophen, intravenously or orally if possible before the 10th hour. If N-acetylcysteine ​​is not available, methionine may be used. Alternatively, activated charcoal and/or salt bleach can be used, which may reduce the absorption of acetaminophen Helps with breathing.

Add dose as soon as you remember. However, if the interval between the next dose is too short, skip the missed dose and resume the dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed dose.