Article by Mai Vien Phuong, MSc, MD - Gastroenterology Specialist - Department of Outpatient and Internal Medicine - Vinmec Central Park International General Hospital.
Sunburn-induced pruritus may manifest several days post-sun exposure. Experiencing itching following excessive ultraviolet (UV) light exposure is not uncommon. However, this pruritus has been reported to be associated with significant discomfort. Some individuals describe the sensation as a deep, stabbing pain that is challenging to manage. Others report it as if fire ants are crawling and biting the affected skin areas.
1. What are the Symptoms of Sunburn-Induced Pruritus?
Symptoms of sunburn-induced pruritus differ from typical sunburn presentation. It often appears 24 to 72 hours after prolonged sun exposure. Many individuals report experiencing this condition on the shoulders and back, likely due to those regions being more exposed to UV radiation and insufficient application of protective SPF sunscreen, leading to sunburn.
Experiencing itching or skin peeling after excessive sun exposure is not unusual. Nevertheless, this pruritus has been reported to be painful. Some individuals describe the sensation as deep, stabbing, and difficult to treat. Others describe it as if fire ants are crawling and biting the affected skin.
2. Diagnosis of Sunburn-Induced Pruritus
Most individuals experiencing this condition rely on self-diagnosis. Much of the literature regarding sunburn-induced pruritus stems from personal experiences shared online by affected individuals. Although the discomfort can be profoundly bothersome, sunburn-induced pruritus is not life-threatening and can typically be managed at home.
If your symptoms exacerbate or persist over an extended period, it is advisable to consult a physician.
3. How to Treat Sunburn-Induced Pruritus
Peppermint oil has been widely recommended as potentially beneficial. Oatmeal baths may also be worth trying, as they are often advised for alleviating pruritus due to chickenpox. Applying a baking soda mixture to the affected areas may provide relief for some individuals, although it may not be beneficial for others.
Scratching may exacerbate the discomfort, hence control of this behavior is advisable. Aloe vera gel or ointment may be applied to the sunburned area for prompt alleviation, although this approach may not be effective for everyone.
Over-the-counter topical ointments may help to relieve localized discomfort. Ensure that you select options containing 1% hydrocortisone cream or 10% benzocaine cream. Avoid using any moisturizers or creams containing salicylic acid.
In more severe cases, a physician may prescribe an antihistamine.
4. What is the Prognosis?
The sensation of pruritus is often described as penetrating deeply into the skin and difficult to relieve. It typically peaks approximately 48 hours after sun exposure and may persist longer.
That said, sunburn and the accompanying pruritus will ultimately resolve. As your skin returns to normal, it is essential to exercise caution when engaging in prolonged sun exposure. Protecting the skin with clothing, seeking shade, and applying a high-SPF sunscreen, reapplying every 80 minutes, can help prevent sunburn-induced pruritus.
It is vital to monitor any changes in your skin and consult a physician if you notice any alterations in pigmentation or texture. Annual skin examinations should also be a part of routine healthcare practices. Severe sunburn and continuous sun exposure increase the risk of skin cancer.
In summary, the best preventive measure against sunburn-induced pruritus is to exercise caution when in the sun, particularly during extended periods. In any case, utilize broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF designed to protect the skin from UVA and UVB rays.
Preferences:
- Are some people more likely to get skin damage from the sun? (2017). cancer.org/cancer/skin-cancer/prevention-and-early-detection/sun-damage.html
- Bauer M, et al. (2015). A double-blind, randomized clinical study to determine the efficacy of benzocaine 10% on histamine-induced pruritus and UVB-light induced slight sunburn pain. DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2014.992384
- Hopper T. (2014). Whitest man’s burden: For an unlucky few, sunburn means a debilitating itch torture. news.nationalpost.com/news/whitest-mans-burden-for-an-unlucky-few-sunburn-means-a-debilitating-itch-torture
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