This article is written under the professional guidance of PhD. Dr. Lê Tấn Đạt - Oncologist - Head of Internal Oncology Unit - Cancer Center - Vinmec Central Park International General Hospital.
The question of what to eat with lung cancer is one that many patients are concerned about. Maintaining a scientifically sound and appropriate diet plays a crucial role in the treatment process for patients.
1. What should lung cancer patients eat?
1.1. Fruits and vegetables
Fruits and vegetables are high in antioxidants, which help alleviate symptoms and provide essential vitamins and minerals for lung cancer patients. Additionally, these foods are rich in beneficial carbohydrates, supporting the body's production of necessary energy.
Green vegetables contain high levels of folate, an important nutrient for the formation of red blood cells and the healthy development of cells.
Orange-colored fruits, such as oranges, tangerines, and papayas, are excellent choices for those wondering what to eat with lung cancer. These fruits contain carotenoids, which boost the immune system and help prevent infections.
Meanwhile, berries (such as raspberries, blueberries, and strawberries) are rich in fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants, which are believed to reduce the risk of cancer.
1.2. Whole grains
Whole grains are a rich source of fiber and nutrients, more so than refined grains. These foods contain vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, which help reduce the risk of age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Additionally, grains such as wheat, rice, barley, millet, corn, oats, etc., provide vitamin B and carbohydrates that stimulate the production of serotonin—a hormone that helps reduce feelings of appetite loss, anxiety, and depression.
1.3. Dairy products
Dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt are rich in calcium and protein, providing ample nutrition for the body while also supporting the immune system.
Fatigue and loss of appetite are common symptoms in lung cancer patients. Therefore, it is recommended that patients include dairy in their snacks to ensure adequate nutrient intake.
1.4. Soft, easily digestible foods
Lung cancer patients should prioritize bland foods and avoid salty foods to protect their health. Instead, patients should focus on fiber-rich and easily digestible foods such as soups and porridge.
1.5. Protein-rich foods
Lung cancer patients may sometimes experience coughing up blood, leading to anemia. Therefore, patients need to follow a balanced diet to ensure adequate protein intake.
This diet should include lean protein sources such as low-fat dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt.
1.6. Plant-based fats
Plant-based fats are very beneficial for the body as they help stimulate nutrient absorption, preventing unwanted weight loss in lung cancer patients.
Doctors also recommend incorporating nuts, seeds, and peanut butter into the diet. These foods can be added to salads or used in cereals and yogurt.
Rich sources of plant-based fats (including olive oil, canola oil, and peanut oil) should also be integrated into the daily diet of patients.
1.7. Drinking green tea daily
Drinking two cups of green tea each day can help lung cancer patients absorb polyphenols found in green tea. This activates antioxidant capabilities and effectively prevents cancer development.
1.9. Drinking plenty of water
Patients need to drink 2-2.5 liters of water each day to prevent dehydration. Additionally, they can opt for fruit juices from various fruits to diversify their diet.
2. Foods to avoid for lung cancer patients
Besides what to eat with lung cancer, many patients are also concerned about what to avoid. Here are some foods that patients should limit:
2.1. No smoking, no alcohol
According to health experts, smoking and alcoholic beverages such as beer and wine are major causes of lung cancer. Therefore, during treatment, lung cancer patients should strictly avoid smoking and alcohol consumption.
2.2. Avoid seafood if allergic
To support treatment, patients should limit the consumption of seafood such as shrimp, crab, and fish, as these can cause phlegm or allergic reactions, negatively impacting their health.
2.3. High-fat foods
Lung cancer patients should limit high-fat and greasy foods. Consuming such foods can cause bloating, indigestion, and loss of appetite, which can adversely affect the treatment process.
2.4. Grilled and smoked foods
According to nutrition experts, smoked and grilled foods have negative effects on overall health and the treatment process of lung cancer. Therefore, patients should avoid these types of foods.
3. Some tips for lung cancer patients
Lung cancer, along with side effects from treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy, can lead to changes in taste, loss of appetite, fatigue, and weakness. These factors make it challenging for patients to maintain a nutritious diet.
Here are some strategies for effective eating during treatment:
- Divide three main meals into 6-8 smaller meals each day, spaced 2-3 hours apart.
- Take your time to eat and ensure you chew your food well.
- Drinking water can help soften food and make swallowing easier.
- Take small bites and swallow completely before adding more food.
- Eat whenever you feel hungry, regardless of the time of day.
- Sit upright or at a 45-degree angle while eating and for at least 30 minutes after meals.
- Select foods that the patient enjoys.
Ensure all food groups are represented and prepare meals in various ways to stimulate appetite. Use nutritional supplements as advised by a doctor.
Overall, these recommendations form part of a scientifically suggested diet for those interested in "what to eat with lung cancer." In practice, the beneficial foods for lung cancer patients can vary depending on the stage of the disease. Therefore, caregivers should tailor nutritional supplements to the patient's specific condition, ensuring they are appropriate and timely.
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