1, What is Klion 250mg?
Klion 250mg is a medication that contains 250mg of metronidazole as its active ingredient. Metronidazole is a common antibiotic of the nitroimidazole class and has the antimicrobial spectrum targeting anaerobic bacteria and protozoa such as amoeba, and Giardia. Its effect mechanism is for some parts still unclear. In parasites, the drug’s 5-nitrogen group is reduced into other intermediate substances that are toxic to cells. These substances would bind to the helical structure of DNA and break the DNA strands, leading to cell death.
Metronidazole has a strong effect against infections caused by protozoa, such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia và Trichomonas vaginalis. Metronidazole exhibits its antibacterial effect on Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and other obligate anaerobes, but is not effective against aerobic bacteria. Therefore, when infected with both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, metronidazole must be used in combination with other antibiotics. Metronidazole is also a treatment method for Clostridium difficile diarrhea.
Metronidazole is absorbed quickly and completely in the digestive tract, reaching the 10 microgram/ml concentration in the blood plasma after 1 hour of consuming 500 mg. Metronidazole’s biological half–life in blood plasma is about 8 hours, and its volume of distribution is equivalent to the body water volume (0.6 - 0.8 L/kg). About 10 - 20% of the drug can bind to plasma proteins. Metronidazole can distribute well in body fluids such as interstitial fluid, saliva, and even breast milk. This drug can also reach its effective concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid. Metronidazole is metabolized in the liver into functional intermediate substances, and is partly excreted in urine as glucuronide.
2. What is the use of Klion 250mg?
Klion 250mg can be prescribed in the following cases:
- Trichomonas vaginalis infection in the reproductive and urinary tract of both male and female
- Dysentery causing acute intestinal infection or liver abscess.
- Other parasitic infections in the digestive tract such as Giardia lamblia, Dientamoeba fragilis (in children), and Dracunculus medinensis.
- Abdominal infection, female genital and skin/mucous membrane areas, blood infection, central nervous system infection, pericarditis,... caused by anaerobic bacteria.
- Infection, swelling, and inflammation in the oral cavity (gums).
- Gastric and duodenum ulcers by Hepatitis pylori.
- Crohn’s disease.
3. Usage and dosage of Klion 250mg
3.1 Usage
Klion 250mg has to be taken orally after meals. Patients must not split, chew, or crush the tablets, which has to be consumed as a whole.
3.2 Dosage
Klion 250mg dosage also depends on the type and severity of the infection. The recommended dosage for some cases is as follows:
- Trichomonas vaginalis: 1 tablet x 3 times/day, administered for 7 days (for both male and female)
- Parasitic infection of the digestive tract: 1.5g - 2g/day for adults, divided into 4 doses; 40 - 50 mg/kg/day for children, divided into 4 doses.
- Amoebic liver abscess: 500 - 750 mg x 3 times/day for adults, administered for 5 - 10 days.
- E. histolytica acute amoebiasis: Klion can be used alone or in combination with iodoquinol or diloxanide furoate. The common dosage for adults is 750mg x 3 times/day, administered for 5 - 10 days.
- Gastric and duodenum ulcers by H. pylori: take 500 mg x 3 times per day, use in combination with bismuth, proton pump inhibitors, and other antibiotics such as amoxicillin, administered for 2 weeks.
- Giardia infection: 250 mg x 3 times/day or 500 mg x 2 times/day, administered for 5 - 7 days
4. Side effects of Klion 250
When using Klion 250mg, patients can encounter the following side effects:
> 10% frequency:
- Digestive system: nausea
- Urinary system: vaginal infection
- Nervous system: Headache
1 - 10% frequency:
- Dermatology: Genital itching
- Digestive system: Stomachae, dyspepsia, diarrhea.
- Reproductive system: Period pain, urinary tract infection, abnormal urine.
- Infections: Bacterial infection, Candida fungal infection.
- Nervous system: DizzinessDizzyness
- Respiratory system: Flu-like symptoms, pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, upper respiratory tract infection.
Undetermined frequency:
- Cardiovascular system: Chest pain, facial edema, flushing, palpitation, peripheral edema, fainting, increased heart rate.
- Dermatology: Rash, increased skin pigmentation, itching, urticaria.
- Hormonal system: Decreased libido
- Digestive system: Abdominal cramps, reduced appetite, constipation, reduced food intake, indigestion, epigastric discomfort, glossitis, salpingitis, stomatitis, vomiting.
- Reproductive system: cystitis, darkened urine (rare), dysuria (painful urination), frequent urination, dribbling, urine discolouration, vaginal dryness, vaginal Candida fungal infection.
- Hematology: Reduced granulated leukocytes and increased eosinophils
- Immune system: Response to drug causes increased eosinophils and other full-body symptoms
- Nervous system: chills, depression, drowsiness, epilepsy, insomnia, discomfort, numbness, mental disorders.
- Neuroskeletal: joint pain, weakness, muscle cramps, muscle pain.
- Ophthalmology: Abnormal eye movement, nystagmus.
- Kidney: Polyuria
- Respiratory: Shortness of breath, blocked nose
- Others: Fever
5. Precautions when using Klion 250mg
Klion is contraindicated for patients with a history of allergy to metronidazole and other nitro-imidazole derivatives.
- Superinfection: Prolonged use of metronidazole can lead to bacterial or fungal superinfection, including diarrhea by C. difficile and pseudomembranous colitis. C. difficile diarrhea had been reported after 2 months of antibiotic treatment.
- Liver failure: Klion should be used with caution for liver failure patients due to the risk of drug accumulation. It is recommended to alter the dosage for severe liver failure patients.
- Kidney failure: Klion should be used with caution for kidney failure patients due to the risk of drug accumulation. It is recommended to alter the dosage depending on the patients’ glomerular filtration rate.
- Seizure disorder: Exercise caution when using Klion for patients with seizure disorder history.
- Due to its toxicity to the nervous system and its effect to reduce leukocytes, exercise caution when using Klion for patients with history of central nervous system diseases and hematopoiesis disorders. Blood counts in patients with hematopoiesis disorders or under long-term treatment should be closely monitored.
- Metronidazole uses and immobilizes Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete, causing false positive results in Nelson test.
- Consuming alcohol when using Klion can cause disulfiram effects as metronidazole can inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase and other alcohol oxidizing enzymes. The symptoms include flushing, sweating, nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction,... Therefore, you should not drink alcohol while using Klion 250mg.
- Driving and machine operation ability: Klion overdose can cause symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and seizures, which can affect driving and machine operation ability.
- Pregnant women: Metronidazole can cross the placenta. Some cleft lip cases, either with or without cleft palate have been reported after metronidazole exposure during the first trimester. However, most studies do not show any increased risks of birth defects or other side effects for the fetus when the mother uses Klion during pregnancy. Nevertheless, as Klion can cause cancer in some animal species, there is still a concern about using Klion during pregnancy. Therefore, it is best to avoidbest avoid using Klion in the first periods of pregnancy.
- Breastfeeding mothers: Metronidazole and its hydroxyl metabolites exhibit drug activity in breastmilk, at the concentration equal to that in blood plasma. Therefore, stop breastfeeding while using Klion 250mg.
In short, Klion 250mg is the antibiotic used for anaerobic bacteria, amoeba, and Giardia infection treatment. Before using the medication, the patients should consult their doctor or pharmacist.
Please dial HOTLINE for more information or register for an appointment HERE. Download MyVinmec app to make appointments faster and to manage your bookings easily.
