What is vitreous hemorrhage?

Vitreous hemorrhage is an eye disease that causes the patient to see a bright pink color or see a black screen covering the front of the eye. This is a common cause of severe vision loss. So what is vitreous hemorrhage? How dangerous is the disease?

The vitreous is the part located inside the eye, behind the lens, with the main composition being water (99%), the remaining 1% is collagen and hyaluronic acid. These two substances together with water form a body called colloidal solution with a volume of about 4ml, accounting for 80% of the eye volume. Colloidal fluid is nourished by the blood vessels of the retina.

Vitreous hemorrhage is a phenomenon in which blood flows into the vitreous cavity of the eye, when the blood mixes with the vitreous. If not detected and treated properly when the vitreous hemorrhage occurs, the patient will appear symptoms of flying flies in front of the eyes, see pink color and rapidly decrease vision. According to statistics, the rate of people with vitreous hemorrhage is 7/100,000.

Symptoms appear clear vitreous, easy to detect. There are many different symptoms, but the most common in the mild stage is that the patient has signs of seeing faint objects such as floating deposits in the field of vision, seeing red streaks, seeing bright pink or seeing 1 a thin black fog in front of his eyes,... The patient did not suffer from eye pain or loss of vision, but the disease progressed rapidly.
Symptoms are more severe than the patient sees a rapid decline in vision, especially in the morning. The reason is that after a night, blood in the eye is deposited and covers the retina and macula, making vision worse.
Causes of vitreous hemorrhage are determined by the following issues:
Post-traumatic Vitreous hemorrhage is a common clinical disease following trauma. Vitreous hemorrhage after trauma accounts for 12% to 18.8% of causes. Vitreous haemorrhage can occur later both in patients with transocular trauma and contusion trauma to the eyeball. In addition, it can also be seen in some patients with traumatic brain injury (Terson syndrome and shaken baby syndrome).

Damage to blood vessels in the eye When the blood vessels in the retina are damaged by trauma, retinal detachment will cause blood to leak into the eye cavity, mixing with the vitreous causing the appearance of vitreous hemorrhage.
Retinal vein occlusion causes blood to stagnate in other blood vessels, overflowing into the eye cavity is also the cause of vitreous hemorrhage.
Proliferation of abnormal blood vessels When patients have eye diseases that can cause abnormal growth in blood vessels, there is a high risk of blood vessels bursting, leaking into the eye cavity.
People with diabetes often at a late stage will have retinopathy that causes wet macular degeneration, and retinal vein failure is also at high risk of vitreous hemorrhage.
Other causes Blood from sources other than retinal blood vessels will also cause vitreous hemorrhage. When there is a tumor near the eye, blood can leak into the eye cavity causing vitreous hemorrhage, but this cause is rare.

Blood in vitreous is cleaned daily at a rate of about 1%. Blood outside the vitreous cavity dissipates more rapidly. In young people, blood dissolves faster than in middle-aged and elderly people. The process of hemolysis is fast or slow depends on the cause of the vitreous hemorrhage.
Hemolytic treatment for people with advanced diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration in the elderly is the most difficult and time consuming to treat. The appearance of vitreous causes rapid vision loss, so when you see abnormal symptoms in the eyes, it is necessary to quickly go to the eye clinic and specialist for timely examination.

Vitreous haemorrhage due to abnormal blood vessel proliferation, if not treated properly, lasting for more than one year will lead to complications, including:
Iron poisoning: patients with iron poisoning will cause serious complications. Hemoglobin is broken down and iron is deposited in parts of the eye such as the cornea, iris, lens, and retina. Iron poisoning will change the iris color, causing retinal dysfunction. Iron toxicity is a serious complication of vitreous hemorrhage. Vitreous retinal hyperplasia: the pathology occurs after vitreous hemorrhage. Macrophages and factors that increase retinal vitreous proliferation cause retinal scarring, dangerous retinal detachment for patients. Open-angle glaucoma: Blood cells in the eye cavity block the drainage channel. When the fluid cannot drain, the pressure in the eye increases, causing open-angle glaucoma.

Mild vitreous hemorrhage may go away on its own in a few weeks without the need for treatment. In case of evaluation of vitreous hemorrhage that cannot heal on its own, the doctor will appoint surgery, the Vitrectomy method. This is a method to remove all the vitreous in the eye, applied to patients with signs of retinal detachment.
For patients with vitreous hemorrhage due to vascular proliferation can be treated with laser therapy. For people with diabetes, high blood pressure, etc., there is a high risk of vitreous congestion, so it is necessary to have regular health check-ups for timely detection and treatment, to avoid causing vision loss due to high blood pressure. complications of vitreous hemorrhage.
With the consequences that the disease causes, vitreous hemorrhage is considered a rather dangerous medical condition, so we should not be subjective. When the first signs appear, you should go to medical facilities to be checked by a doctor and have timely intervention directions.
Eye Department - Vinmec International General Hospital has a leading ophthalmology team that provides eye examination, treatment and surgery services with high quality, intensive ophthalmological techniques that bring efficiency and safety. care for customers. In addition to a team of qualified doctors, the hospital also has a system of advanced machinery and equipment imported from European countries, so customers can completely trust the quality of service and medical care. at Vinmec.