The video content is professionally consulted by Professor Nguyễn Thanh Liêm - Director of the Stem Cell and Gene Technology Research Institute at Vinmec.
Cirrhosis progresses through four distinct stages, with each stage increasing in severity and presenting different threats to the patient. In stage 4 cirrhosis, the liver cells are completely damaged, and the disease has reached its final stage. At this point, the liver no longer functions.
Stage 4 cirrhosis is also known as decompensated cirrhosis or cirrhotic ascites. This is the final stage, where liver cells are fully damaged, and the liver has lost its function. The disease continues to progress, and the patient faces worsening symptoms and complications caused by cirrhosis.
Symptoms of Stage F4 Cirrhosis:
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Loss of appetite, weight loss
- Mental confusion
- Swelling in the limbs, abdominal distension
- Early signs of liver failure
- Complications due to portal hypertension
- Decreased liver function test results
For patients with stage 4 cirrhosis, the only viable treatment option is a liver transplant. Without a liver transplant, most patients will not survive. Currently, the number of people in need of a liver transplant is very high, but the number of available donors is insufficient. As a result, many patients with stage 4 cirrhosis do not survive and cannot be saved.
Stage 4 cirrhosis is highly associated with liver cancer.
Furthermore, decompensated cirrhosis occurs, treatment with many medications is no longer effective. Currently, there are two treatment options for stage 4 cirrhosis: liver transplantation and stem cell therapy to extend the patient's life. Although stem cell therapy does not completely cure the disease, it can help restore some liver function and slow down fibrosis. Therefore, life expectancy of patients with stage 4 cirrhosis will be extended.
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