This article has been professionally consulted by doctors from the Emergency and Intensive Care Department - Vinmec International General Hospital, Hai Phong.
If a child has a respiratory illness, including pneumonia, their breathing rate often changes. Therefore, in cases where there are no clear symptoms, parents should monitor their child’s breathing rate to detect any abnormal signs in the respiratory system.
1. What is a normal breathing rate for children?
Respiratory rate refers to the number of breaths a person takes per minute and is one of the vital signs, along with blood pressure, pulse, and temperature. When inhaling, oxygen enters the lungs and is transported to the organs. When exhaling, carbon dioxide is expelled from the body. A normal respiratory rate plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. The normal breathing rate for children varies by age, as follows:
- 0 to 6 months: 30–60 breaths per minute
- 6 to 12 months: 24–30 breaths per minute
- 1 to 5 years: 20–30 breaths per minute
- 6 to 12 years: 12–20 breaths per minute
- 12 years and older: 12–20 breaths per minute
2. How to count your child's breathing rate
It is best for parents to count their child's breathing rate when the child is sleeping peacefully. Measure it when the child does not have a fever or has only a mild fever (below 38°C). Lift the child’s shirt to observe their abdomen and chest movements. If the child is awake, parents should hold the child, keeping them still and calm—without crying or agitation. Each time the child’s abdomen rises and falls, it counts as one breath, and parents must count accurately for one full minute.
3. When should you take your child to the doctor?
Take your child to a pediatric respiratory specialist if:
- The child is under 1 year old and breathes more than 60 breaths per minute.
- The child is between 1 and 5 years old and breathes more than 30 breaths per minute.
- For older children, contact a doctor if the child pants excessively after exercise or even during normal activities. If rapid breathing is persistent, you should have the child examined at a medical facility.
Pneumonia can develop after a cold or flu, caused by viruses or bacteria. Other symptoms of pneumonia include: Difficulty breathing; Wheezing; Cough
4. What if your child has irregular breathing?
It is normal for a child to pause breathing for 5 to 10 seconds and then resume normal breathing. However, if pauses last longer than 10 seconds or the child turns blue, take them to a medical facility immediately.
If your child breathes rapidly while sleeping, it could be a sign of sleep apnea. This condition is common in children aged 2 to 8 years and is often accompanied by snoring.
5. Tips for parents to monitor their child's breathing when suspecting pneumonia
Irregular breathing can be a serious warning sign and, if left untreated, may threaten the child’s life. Here are some tips for parents to monitor their child’s breathing:
- Observe your child's normal breathing patterns frequently to recognize any unusual changes.
- Record a video of your child’s breathing if you suspect something is wrong and show it to a doctor. Many doctors now use telemedicine services, which can save you time instead of visiting a hospital immediately.
- Always place your child on their back when sleeping to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
- Use saline solution to clean the child’s nose and throat.
- Monitor external factors: Sometimes, children breathe rapidly due to hot weather or anger. Dress them in light, breathable clothing in summer and keep them warm in winter.
Vinmec International General Hospital provides examinations and treatments for respiratory diseases, head and neck tumors, and congenital ear, nose, and throat defects. With modern equipment, a sterile environment, and experienced pediatric specialists, the hospital ensures comprehensive care for children, helping parents feel at ease during medical visits.
References: Webmd.com and Healthline.com
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