This article was medically reviewed by Dr. Nguyễn Thị Minh Tuyết, an obstetrician-gynecologist at Vinmec Central Park International General Hospital.
After an abortion or uterine curettage, there is a high risk of developing secondary infertility due to excessive thinning of the uterine lining, which can lead to:
- Scanty menstruation
- Lower abdominal pain
- Irregular or absent periods
These symptoms are often mistaken for menstrual disorders, delaying diagnosis and treatment.
1. Risk of Uterine Adhesions After Abortion
When an abortion is not performed in a specialized and safe medical facility, it may result in:
- Uterine damage
- Heavy bleeding
- Infections
- Severe complications, including intrauterine adhesions
Mechanism of Uterine Adhesions
Over-aggressive curettage can damage the basal layer of the endometrium, leading to scar formation and adhesions inside the uterine cavity.
The severity of endometrial damage determines the symptoms, which may include:
- Irregular periods
- Prolonged bleeding (menorrhagia)
- Absent or blocked menstruation (amenorrhea
- Uterine adhesions not only cause menstrual irregularities but are also a major cause of infertility.
2. How to Prevent Uterine Adhesions After Abortion?
Seek abortion services at reputable medical facilities with experienced professionals to minimize complications.
Use reliable contraceptive methods if you do not plan to conceive. Preventing unwanted pregnancy reduces the risk of multiple abortions and their associated complications.
Maintain proper hygiene and practice safe sex to prevent infections and reproductive health issues.
Consult a doctor immediately if you experience abnormal symptoms such as prolonged bleeding, pain, or fever, as these could indicate uterine infections.
Schedule routine gynecological exams every six months to monitor reproductive health and detect abnormalities early.
3. Post-Abortion Care Guidelines
- Bleeding and lower abdominal pain are normal after an abortion. Use sanitary pads to manage bleeding
- Take prescribed medications and attend follow-up checkups as instructed by your doctor.
Hygiene Recommendations
- Wash the body and genital area with mild feminine hygiene products and rinse with clean warm water.
- Do not douche or insert anything into the vagina.
- Change sanitary pads at least 3-4 times per day to prevent infections.
Activity Restriction
Avoid sexual intercourse for 2-3 weeks to:
- Prevent unplanned pregnancy.
- Reduce the risk of cervical trauma
Avoid strenuous physical activity for the first 2-3 weeks.
Get adequate rest and maintain a positive mindset to speed up recovery.
Dietary Recommendation
- Consume a balanced diet rich in vitamins and nutrients from fruits, vegetables, and whole foods
- Avoid spicy, seafood, and excessively hot foods that may irritate the uterus.
When to Seek Medical Attention
- Severe lower abdominal pai
- Fever or chill
- Heavy bleeding (soaking two pads per hour for two consecutive hours
- Increasing or prolonged bleeding (over 2 weeks
- Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
- If you experience any of these symptoms, seek immediate medical consultation.
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