This article was professionally consulted by Nguyen Thi Man, Specialist level I, MD - Obstetrician and Gynecologist at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vinmec Da Nang International Hospital.
Vaginal discharge is a normal physiological secretion in women. However, if the discharge becomes thick, clumpy, white, and accompanied by a foul odor, it may indicate a yeast infection, bacterial infection, or other gynecological conditions.
If you notice any abnormal vaginal discharge or an unpleasant odor, it is essential to consult a doctor for early diagnosis and treatment.
1. What is Vaginal Discharge?
Vaginal discharge, also known as cervical mucus, is a fluid secreted from the female reproductive tract. It is a normal physiological occurrence in women, beginning at puberty and lasting until menopause. Normal vaginal discharge, also referred to as physiological discharge, is typically clear or white (resembling egg whites), slightly stretchy, and may have a mild, non-offensive odor. Physiological vaginal discharge plays several beneficial roles, such as maintaining optimal moisture levels in the vaginal environment, stabilizing pH balance to support beneficial bacteria, and preventing the invasion and growth of harmful bacteria and fungi. Additionally, it acts as a natural lubricant, enhancing sexual pleasure and facilitating sperm movement toward the uterus during fertilization. The characteristics and quantity of vaginal discharge depend on the body's estrogen levels. Before puberty, when estrogen production is minimal, vaginal discharge is absent. However, as the ovaries mature and begin secreting hormones, the reproductive system starts producing vaginal secretions. In certain situations, vaginal discharge may increase, such as:
- During periods of stress or sexual arousal, leading to excessive secretion.
- During pregnancy or strenuous physical activity, sometimes resulting in noticeable discharge flow.
- Throughout the menstrual cycle, as estrogen levels rise, the cervical glands produce more mucus, causing a constant feeling of vaginal moisture.
2. Abnormal Vaginal Discharge – A Sign of Gynecological Disorders
2.1 Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal infection that leads to increased vaginal discharge, often accompanied by a foul or fishy odor. In some cases, bacterial vaginosis may be asymptomatic. Women who engage in oral sex or have multiple sexual partners are at a higher risk of developing this condition.
2.2 Candida Albicans Infection
Candida albicans infection, also known as vaginal yeast infection, is one of the most prevalent gynecological conditions among women. Symptoms include:
- Thick, white vaginal discharge resembling cottage cheese
- Clumpy, odorless discharge accompanied by itching and burning around the vulva
- This condition is commonly triggered by prolonged antibiotic use, pregnancy, or weakened immune function.
2.3 Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection)
Women with Trichomonas vaginalis infection often experience moderate to excessive vaginal discharge, which may be whitish or yellow-green, thick, sticky, or frothy. If left for a while, the discharge may dry and form crusty patches on underwear. Other symptoms include mild vaginal itching and discomfort during sexual intercourse.
2.4 Cervical Ectropion
Cervical ectropion, or cervical erosion, is characterized by excessive milky-white vaginal discharge that appears thick and clumpy, often accompanied by an unpleasant odor and persistent vaginal itching. The more severe the inflammation, the greater the volume of discharge and the stronger the odor. A distinguishing symptom of cervical ectropion is bleeding during sexual intercourse.
2.5 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection that is commonly transmitted through sexual contact. It occurs when bacteria spread from the vagina to the reproductive organs. Symptoms of PID may include clumpy vaginal discharge resembling curdled milk, a foul odor, lower abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding, and a burning sensation during intercourse.
3. Treatment for Abnormal Vaginal Discharge
If you experience abnormal vaginal discharge with a foul odor or excessive secretion, it is important to see a specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment. To prevent infections, maintaining good intimate hygiene is essential, especially during menstruation and before and after sexual activity. Wearing breathable cotton underwear helps keep the vaginal area dry and comfortable. Frequent douching should be avoided, as it can eliminate beneficial bacteria. Additionally, practicing safe sex is crucial to preventing sexually transmitted infections.
To arrange an appointment, please call HOTLINE or make your reservation directly HERE. You may also download the MyVinmec app to schedule appointments faster and manage your reservations more conveniently.
